阜阳市≤5岁儿童流行性感冒病例病原学特点及流感疫苗接种现状调查

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.0718

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的对阜阳市≤5岁儿童流行性感冒（流感）病例病原学特征及流感疫苗接种情况进行研究。方法以2019年阜阳市2家医院全年确诊的≤5岁儿童流感病例为研究对象,收集儿童病例的人口学信息、临床症状、实验室资料、流感诊断结果等,并采用自制调查问卷对儿童病例主要监护人进行流感疫苗接种情况调查,采用描述流行病学分析方法对结果进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对儿童病例流感接种影响因素进行分析。结果共获得1 488例阜阳市≤5岁儿童流感病例,男童818例（占54.97%）,女童670例（占45.03%）。甲型流感774例（52.02%）,乙型流感714例（47.98%）。甲型流感病例高热（>39 ℃）及高热惊厥发生率均高于乙型流感病例（P<0.05或P<0.01）,流涕鼻塞、咽喉红肿/痛发生率低于乙型流感病例（均P<0.05）。1 488例流感病例中共有297例在近6个月内接种过流感疫苗,接种率为19.96%。儿童主要监护人大专及以上文化程度（OR=2.273）、家庭月收入越高（OR=2.057）、知晓流感疫苗（OR=3.537）的儿童病例6个月内接种疫苗的可能性越高,6个月前有流感疫苗接种史（OR=1.475）的儿童病例6个月内接种流感疫苗的可能性也越高。结论阜阳市≤5岁儿童流感病例病原为甲型流感和乙型流感大致相当,流感疫苗接种率较低,影响儿童流感疫苗接种率的因素主要有主要监护人文化程度、家庭月收入、流感疫苗知晓情况及6个月前流感疫苗接种史。

关键词: 流行性感冒, 流感疫苗, 流感病毒, 流行特征, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To study the etiological characteristics of influenza cases and status of influenza vaccination in children ≤ 5 years old in Fuyang City. Methods The influenza cases of children ≤ 5 years old diagnosed in two hospitals in Fuyang City in 2019 were selected as the research objects. Collected demographic information, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, influenza diagnosis results of the child cases, and used a self-made questionnaire to investigate the influenza vaccination among the main guardians of children. Descriptive epidemiological analysis Methods was used to analyze the results, and univariate and multivariate analysis Methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of influenza vaccination in child cases. Results A total of 1 488 cases of influenza in children ≤ 5 years old in Fuyang City were obtained, 818 cases were boys （54.97%）, and 670 cases were girls （45.03%）. There were 774 cases of influenza A （52.02%） and 714 cases of influenza B （47.98%）. The incidences of high fever （>39 ℃） and febrile seizure in influenza A cases were higher than that of influenza B cases （P<0.05 or P<0.01）, and the incidences of runny nose congestion and throat swelling/pain were lower than that of influenza B cases （All P<0.05）. A total of 297 out of 1 488 influenza cases had received influenza vaccination in the past 6 months, and the vaccination rate was 19.96%. The main guardian of the child had a college degree or above （OR=2.273）, the higher the monthly family income （OR=2.057）, and the awareness of influenza vaccine （OR=3.537） were more likely to have vaccination for children within 6 months, and children with a history of influenza vaccination 6 months ago （OR=1.475） were more likely to receive influenza vaccination within 6 months. Conclusion The etiology of influenza cases in children ≤ 5 years old in Fuyang City is influenza A and influenza B, which are roughly the same. The influenza vaccination rate is relatively low, the main influential factors are the education level of the main guardian, the monthly family income, influenza vaccination awareness, and influenza vaccination history of children 6 months ago.

Key words: Influenza, Influenza vaccine, Influenza virus, Epidemiological characteristic, Children

中图分类号:

R183.3

周涛, 青礼, 官林, 肖锦铖. 阜阳市≤5岁儿童流行性感冒病例病原学特点及流感疫苗接种现状调查[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(6): 718-721.

ZHOU Tao, QING Li, GUAN Lin, XIAO Jin-cheng. Etiological characteristics of influenza cases and status of influenza vaccination in children ≤ 5 years old in Fuyang[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(6): 718-721.

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