北京地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病患者过敏原特异性IgE检测结果分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2023.0863

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析北京地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病患者过敏原特异性IgE（sIgE）检测结果及过敏原特征。方法以北京市某3家医院2019年10月至2022年9月进行过敏原sIgE检测的确诊呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿为研究对象,对病例特征及过敏原情况进行描述性分析。结果吸入过敏原sIgE阳性率为36.00%,食物过敏原sIgE阳性率为22.00%,2组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）;吸入过敏原sIgE阳性率前5位为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、艾蒿、猫皮毛屑、德国蟑螂,sIgE阳性率分别为16.98%、15.00%、14.09%、7.32%、6.41%,食物过敏原sIgE阳性率前5位为鸡蛋白、牛奶、鳕鱼/龙虾/扇贝、巴西胡桃、虾,sIgE阳性率分别为7.00%、6.68%、5.28%、2.71%、2.03%。吸入过敏原中除艾蒿、葎草、屋尘外,过敏性鼻炎、哮喘与过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘患儿sIgE阳性率差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.01）;食物过敏原中除鳕鱼/龙虾/扇贝外,过敏性鼻炎、哮喘与过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘患儿sIgE阳性率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。不同性别的患儿19种过敏原sIgE阳性率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。不同年龄段患儿10种吸入过敏原sIgE阳性率差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）,食物过敏原中除鳕鱼/龙虾/扇贝外,不同年龄段患儿过敏原sIgE阳性率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同季节的过敏原sIgE阳性率比较,除屋尘外其余吸入性过敏原sIgE阳性率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,食物过敏原中巴西胡桃、蟹sIgE阳性率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。结论北京地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病患者过敏原sIgE阳性主要过敏原为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、艾蒿、猫皮毛屑、鸡蛋白,过敏原sIgE阳性率在不同呼吸道过敏性疾病、不同年龄段儿童中存在明显差异,不同性别的过敏原sIgE阳性率无显著差异。

关键词: 儿童, 呼吸道过敏性疾病, 吸入性过敏原, 食物过敏原, 特异性IgE

Abstract: Objective To analyze the results of allergen specific IgE （sIgE） detection and the characteristics of allergens in pediatric patients with respiratory allergic diseases in Beijing. Method A descriptive analysis was conducted on the characteristics and allergen status of children diagnosed with respiratory allergic diseases who underwent allergen sIgE testing from three hospitals in Beijing from October 2019 to September 2022. Results The positive rate of inhaled allergen sIgE was 36.00%, while the positive rate of food allergen sIgE was 22.00%, the difference was statistically significant （P<0.01）. The top five positive rates of inhaled allergen sIgE were house dust mites, dust mites, mugwort, cat fur shavings, and German cockroaches, with sIgE positive rates of 16.98%, 15.00%, 14.09%, 7.32%, and 6.41%. The top five positive rates of food allergen sIgE were chicken protein, milk, cod/lobster/scallop, Brazilian walnut, and shrimp, with sIgE positive rates of 7.00%, 6.68%, 5.28%, 2.71%, and 2.03%. Among inhaled allergens, except for mugwort, humulus, and house dust, there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among children with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis with asthma （all P<0.01）. Among food allergens, except for cod/lobster/scallop, there were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among children with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis with asthma （all P>0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among the 19 allergens of different genders （all P>0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among the 10 inhaled allergens among children of different age groups （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Except for cod/lobster/scallop in food allergens, there were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among children of different age groups （all P>0.05）. Compared the positive rates of allergen sIgE among different seasons, there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of inhaled allergens except for house dust （all P<0.01）, while there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of Brazilian walnut and crab sIgE among food allergens （all P<0.01）. Conclusion The major allergens that are sIgE positive in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Beijing are house dust mites, dust mites, mugwort, cat fur shavings, and chicken protein, and the sIgE positive rates of allergens are significantly different among children with different respiratory allergic diseases and at different ages, but there are no significant differences in the sIgE positive rates of allergens between genders.

Key words: Children, Respiratory allergic disease, Inhaled allergen, Food allergen, Specific IgE

中图分类号:

R725.6

吕燕松, 宋伟, 郭丽敏, 姜素红, 李传颖. 北京地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病患者过敏原特异性IgE检测结果分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2023, 49(7): 863-868.

LYU Yansong, SONG Wei, GUO Limin, JIANG Suhong, LI Chuanying. Analysis of allergen specific IgE detection in pediatric patients with respiratory allergic diseases in Beijing[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2023, 49(7): 863-868.

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