西安地区6~36月婴幼儿营养性贫血现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2024.0618

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解西安地区6~36月婴幼儿营养性贫血情况并对贫血相关影响因素进行分析,为指导当地婴幼儿贫血筛查和预防提供依据。方法对2022年1—12月期间在西安市3家医院进行健康体检的6~36月婴幼儿为研究对象,对婴幼儿家长进行问卷调查以及对婴幼儿进行体格检查,并采集婴幼儿手指末梢血进行血红蛋白检测以及微量营养素测试,利用logistic回归分析模型对贫血相关因素进行分析。结果共纳入1 890名6~36月婴幼儿,营养性贫血率为24.50%（463例）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示年龄（OR=0.511）、出生体重<2 500 g（OR=2.179）、早产儿（OR=1.788）、母体妊娠晚期贫血（OR=1.840）、母亲文化程度（OR=0.739）、主要看护人（母亲）（OR=0.593）、辅食添加时间>6个月（OR=1.456）、微量元素/维生素补充（OR=0.116）、肉奶摄入不足（OR=2.349）以及挑食/偏食（OR=2.492）是6~36月婴幼儿发生贫血的独立影响因素。结论西安地区6~36月婴幼儿营养性贫血率较高,影响因素众多,应针对性加强婴幼儿喂养指导,帮助高危儿童建立良好饮食习惯,全面降低婴幼儿营养性贫血风险,改善营养状况,提高儿童健康水平。

关键词: 婴幼儿, 营养性贫血, 营养素缺乏, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the nutritional anemia in infants and young children aged 6-36 months in Xi 'an and analyze the related factors of anemia,so as to provide the basis for guiding the screening and prevention of anemia in local infants and young children. Methods From January to December 2022,infants and young children aged 6-36 months who underwent physical examination in three hospitals in Xi 'an were selected for this study. The parents of infants and young children were surveyed with questionnaires and physical examination of infants and young children. The finger peripheral blood of infants and young children was collected for hemoglobin detection and micro nutritive test. The Logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze anemia related factors. Results A total of 1 890 infants and young children aged 6-36 months were enrolled,and the prevalence of nutritional anemia was 24.50% （463 cases）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=0.511）,birth weight < 2 500 g （OR=2.179）,premature infant （OR=1.788）,maternal anemia in late pregnancy （OR=1.840）,maternal education level （OR=0.739）,primary caregiver was mother （OR=0.593）,complementary food supplementation later than 6 months of age （OR=1.456）,trace element/vitamin supplementation （OR=0.116）,insufficient intake of meat and milk （OR=2.349）,and picky/partial eating （OR=2.492） were independent factors for anemia in infants and young children aged 6-36 months. Conclusions The prevalence of nutritional anemia in infants and young children aged 6-36 months in Xi 'an is high,and there are many influencing factors. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance of infant feeding,help high-risk children to establish good eating habits,improve nutritional status,comprehensively reduce the risk of nutritional anemia in infants and young children,and improve children's health.

Key words: Infants and young children, Nutritional anemia, Nutrient deficiency, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R195

缑百妮, 张倩, 郑红娟, 程选飞, 惠望春. 西安地区6~36月婴幼儿营养性贫血现状及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2024, 50(7): 618-621.

GOU Baini, ZHANG Qian, ZHENG Hongjuan, CHENG Xuanfei, HUI Wangchun. Prevalence and influencing factors of nutritional anemia in infants and young children aged 6-36 months in Xi′an[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2024, 50(7): 618-621.

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