南京市青少年抑郁患者非自杀性自伤行为现状调查

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.0154

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查南京市青少年抑郁患者非自杀性自伤行为（NSSI）现状,进一步探讨其影响因素。方法纳入2023年2月至2024年2月在南京市4家三级及以上级别医院治疗的青少年抑郁患者作为调查对象,采用《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》判定患者过去1年内NSSI发生情况,并采用自制调查问卷收集患者基本情况,孤独感量表（LRS）评估患者孤独感,Barratt冲动量表（BIS-11）评估患者冲动状况,儿童创伤问卷简表（CTQ-SF）评估患者童年创伤,童年不良经历问卷国际版（ACEIQ）评估患者童年家庭功能不全。采用描述性分析方法分析青少年精神障碍患者NSSI发生情况,并采用单、多因素分析方法分析探讨青少年抑郁患者NSSI发生的影响因素。结果 2 012例青少年抑郁患者中共762例存在NSSI,发生率为37.87%。420例反复出现NSSI,342例为偶发NSSI。下臂及腕部是NSSI患者最常见的自伤部位（占39.90%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示抑郁程度（OR=4.683）、遭受校园暴力（OR=5.546）、存在孤独感（OR=4.958）、冲动感（OR=5.562）、童年创伤（OR=5.181）、童年家庭功能不全（OR=5.333）均是导致青少年抑郁患者NSSI发生的危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论南京市青少年抑郁患者NSSI发生率较高,尤其是抑郁程度越严重、目睹家庭暴力、存在冲动感等的患者更易出现NSSI,应对重点关注上述患者,并制定对应的防控措施,降低NSSI发生率。

关键词: 青少年, 抑郁障碍, 非自杀性自伤行为, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury ( NSSI ) among adolescents with depression in Nanjing, and to further explore its influencing factors. Methods Adolescents with depression who received treatment at four tertiary or higher-level hospitals in Nanjing from February 2023 to February 2024 were recruited. NSSI in the past year was evaluated according to the criteria stipulated by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Demographic information was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. The Loneliness Rating Scale (LRS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11th version (BIS-11), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the International Version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACEIQ) were applied to evaluate loneliness, impulsivity, childhood trauma and family functions, respectively. Descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the incidence of NSSI among adolescents with mental disorders. Univariate and multivariate analysis methods were utilized to identify risk factors for NSSI. Results Among the 2 012 adolescents with depression, 762 cases had NSSI, with an incidence rate of 37.87%. Of these, 420 cases had recurrent NSSI and 342 had occasional NSSI. The lower arm and wrist were the most common sites of self-injury (accounting for 39.90%) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the depression severity (OR=4.683), exposure to school violence (OR=5.546), feelings of loneliness (OR=4.958), impulsivity (OR=5.562), childhood trauma (OR=5.181), and dysfunctional family environments during childhood (OR=5.333) were significant risk factors for NSSI among adolescents with depression (all P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents with depression in Nanjing is relatively high. In particular, Patients with more severe depression, exposure to school violence, and heightened impulsivity are more likely to engage in NSSI. It is essential to pay close attention to these high-risk groups. Corresponding prevention and control measures should be formulated to reduce the incidence of NSSI.

Key words: Adolescents, Depressive disorder, Non-suicidal self-injury behavior, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R179

靳美蓉, 仰礼萍, 周沛, 李婷, 孟雪. 南京市青少年抑郁患者非自杀性自伤行为现状调查[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(2): 154-158.

Jin Meirong, Yang Liping, Zhou Pei, Li Ting, Meng Xue. Non-suicidal self-injury behavior among adolescents with depression in Nanjing[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2025, 51(2): 154-158.

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