精神专科医院医务人员对医院感染预防与控制认知能力分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.0174

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析精神专科医院医务人员对医院感染预防与控制的认知现状,并探讨其影响因素,为提升精神专科医院院内感染防控水平提供参考。方法采用简单抽样方法,选取安徽省芜湖市内3家精神专科医院的医务人员为研究对象,进行医院感染预防与控制认知能力评估。通过多重线性回归分析,探讨医务人员医院感染预防与控制认知能力的影响因素。结果调查结果显示,精神专科医务人员对医院感染防控中的基本知识、手卫生、清洁与消毒、个人防护维度的掌握水平较高,但对多重耐药菌防控、隔离维度的答对率为60%~80%。514名精神专科医院医务人员医院感染预防与控制认知平均得分为（8.71±1.28）分,处于中等水平。其中157名医务人员所有题目均回答正确,完全答对率为30.54%。多重线性回归分析结果表明,精神科工作年限（β'=0.074）、教育培训次数（β'=0.922）、最高学历（β'=0.078）、科室领导对医院感染预防和控制的重视程度（β'=0.076）为精神专科医院医务人员医院感染预防与控制认知能力的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论精神专科医院医务人员对医院感染预防与控制认知能力仍需提升,精神科工作年限、教育培训次数、最高学历、科室领导对医院感染预防和控制的重视程度为精神专科医院医务人员医院感染预防与控制认知能力的独立影响因素。

关键词: 精神卫生, 医务人员, 医院感染, 认知, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the current status of healthcare workers' knowledge and attitudes regarding hospital-acquired infection prevention and control in psychiatric hospitals and explore its influencing factors, providing a reference for improving the level of infection prevention and control in psychiatric hospitals. Methods A simple sampling method was used. Healthcare workers from three psychiatric hospitals in Wuhu, Anhui Province were enrolled. A questionnaire survey on infection prevention and control and cognitive level assessment were conducted. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to explore the influencing factors of healthcare workers' knowledge and attitudes in infection prevention and control. Results The survey results showed that regarding hospital-acquired infection prevention and control, the psychiatric medical staff had a high level of mastery of the basic knowledge, hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfection, and personal protection. However, the correct response rates for multi-drug-resistant bacteria prevention and control only ranged from 60% to 80%. The average score of 514 psychiatric healthcare workers in infection prevention and control cognition was (8.71±1.28), indicating a moderate level. Among them, 157 healthcare workers answered all questions correctly, with a complete correct response rate of 30.54%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that years of psychiatric work experience (β′=0.074), frequency of training and education (β′=0.922), highest educational level (β′=0.078), and department leaders' emphasis on infection prevention and control (β′=0.076) were independent influencing factors of healthcare workers' cognitive level in hospital infection prevention and control (P<0.05). Conclusions The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers in psychiatric hospital regarding infection prevention and control still needs improvement. Years of psychiatric work experience, frequency of training and education, highest educational level, and department leaders' emphasis on infection prevention and control are independent influencing factors of healthcare workers' cognitive level in this area.

Key words: Mental Health, Healthcare workers, Hospital-acquired infection, Cognition, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R197.323

余朝晖, 陈兴琴, 王思思, 朱一嵘, 金宇琴. 精神专科医院医务人员对医院感染预防与控制认知能力分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(2): 174-179.

YU Zhaohui, CHEN Xingqin, WANG Sisi, ZHU Yirong, JIN Yuqin. Healthcare workers' knowledge and attitudes regarding hospital-acquired infection prevention and control in psychiatric hospitals[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2025, 51(2): 174-179.

参考文献

[1] Popovich KJ, Aureden K, Ham DC, et al.SHEA/IDSA/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission and infection in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update[J]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2023, 44(7): 1039-1067.
[2] 陈明菊,李天萍,刘先群,等. 精神科封闭病房医院感染影响因素及防控对策[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志,2020,30(1):146-150.
[3] Livingston G, Rostamipour H, Gallagher P, et al.Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: A retrospective observational study[J]. Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, 7(12): 1054-1063.
[4] 邓露茜,刁玲玲,沈艳,等. 南京市重症监护病房医院感染患者病原菌分布及感染因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学,2023,49(2):141-145.
[5] 刘思娣,黄勋,李春辉,等. 2016—2020年某三级甲等医院医务人员手卫生依从性调查[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志,2020,30(24):3823-3827.
[6] 刘慧娟,邵艳玲,杨滢,等. 北京地区非传染科医务人员传染病突发事件应对能力的调查[J]. 解放军护理杂志,2020,37(11):1-4,38.
[7] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 病区医院感染管理规范:WS/T 510—2016[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[8] 罗育骏,蒋戈. 关于《医疗废物管理条例》第二十条的思考[J]. 中国卫生法制,2021,29(1):109-111.
[9] 中华人民共和国卫生部. 医疗机构消毒技术规范:WS/T 367—2012[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[10] 中华人民共和国卫生部. 医务人员手卫生规范WS/T 313—2019[J]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2019.
[11] 于埼,宋艳,张可寅. 隔离病区护士医院感染控制知信行状况及其影响因素分析[J]. 护理实践与研究,2022,19(15):2248-2253.
[12] Mong I, Ramoo V, Ponnampalavana S, et al.Knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI)prevention: A cross-sectional study[J]. J Clin Nurs, 2022, 31(1/2): 209-219.
[13] 张洁,祁琪,茅一萍,等. 我国中医医疗机构医务人员医院感染控制知信行调查及影响因素分析[J]. 中国医院管理,2023,43(7):78-82,88.
[14] Limbu DK, Piryani RM, Sunny AK.Healthcare workers' knowledge, attitude and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic response in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal[J]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(11):e0242126.
[15] 章琦,李倩,李红霞,等. 陕西省医务人员在新冠肺炎疫情期间对医院感染防控的认知现状及影响因素分析[J]. 西安交通大学学报(医学版),2021,42(2):211-218.
[16] Wu WW, Wang WR, Yuan YF, et al.Knowledge, attitude and practice concerning healthcare-associated infections among healthcare workers in Wuhan, China: Cross-sectional study[J]. BMJ Open, 2021, 11(1): e042333.
[17] Abalkhail A, Al Imam MH, Elmosaad YM, et al.Knowledge, attitude and practice of standard infection control precautions among health-care workers in a university hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, 18(22): 11831.
[18] 吴升伟,余杨,黄凯,等. 贵州省中医医疗机构医院感染管理现况调查[J]. 现代预防医学,2021,48(9):1561-1563,1671.
[19] Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Al Alawi Z, et al.Knowledge of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers and factors influencing compliance: A systematic review[J]. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 2021, 10(1): 86.
[20] 刘卫平,焦月英,郭天慧,等. 医务人员医院感染防控知信行及影响因素调查[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志,2019,29(12):1906-1910,1916.
[21] 许彩彩. 普通病区护士医院感染防控认知实践现状及干预研究[D]. 太原:山西医科大学,2019.
[22] 黄玉冰,商临萍. 医院感染控制专科护士培训效果评价指标体系的构建[J]. 护理研究,2022,36(20):3604-3608.
[23] 侯玉娟,李运红,陈婷,等. 以胜任力为导向的基层感染预防与控制专职人员岗位培训实践及效果[J]. 中国感染控制杂志,2023,22(3):339-345.
[24] 吴少华,苏月. 医院感染护理技能培训的临床应用[J]. 中国感染与化疗杂志,2023,23(3):417-418.
[25] Gareeballah A, Al-Sehli SM, Al-Mutairi RT, et al.Assessment of the knowledge and practice of infection control among radiographers in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey study[J]. Healthcare (Basel), 2023, 11(21): 2817.