Abstract: Objective To analyze the status of neonatal nosocomial pulmonary infection （PI） in hospitalized newborns, and analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria. Methods Data of all hospitalized neonates admitted to the pediatric department from 2010 to 2019 were collected through the medical record management information system of a hospital in Guang'an City from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the occurrence of PI in the hospital, pathogenic bacteria and susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. Results A total of 5 673 neonates hospitalized in the neonatal department of a hospital in Guang'an from 2015 to 2019 were included. The male to female sex ratio was 1.11：1. Of the all neonates, 64.93% had gestational age of 34 to 41 weeks, 77.31% had birth weight of 2.5 to 3.8 kg, 60.16% stayed in the hospital more than 7 days, 54.83% were natural childbirth, and 88.38% had Apgar scores of 8-10. Nosocomial PI infection occurred in 185 newborns, with an infection rate of 3.28%; 232 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated and cultured, including 164 Gram negative strains （70.69%）. Multivariate logistic regression showed that birth weight <2.5 kg （OR=3.593）, gestational age <34 weeks （OR=2.653）, hospital stay>7 days （OR=1.941）, Apgar score<7 points （OR=2.440 ）, invasive operation （OR=3.323）, and cesarean section （OR=2.492） were the risk factors for nosocomial PI in neonates hospitalized in neonatal department. Conclusion There were neonatal nosocomial PIs in Guang'an City. The risk of infection was related to many factors. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens. The hospital should take targeted prevention and treatment strategies to reduce and prevent the risk of neonatal nosocomial PI.

Key words: Newborn, Pulmonary infection, Pathogenic bacteria, Risk factors