Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors of infection after cesarean section, and analyze the pathogenic characteristics and drug resistance of infection after cesarean section. Methods Taking parturients who underwent cesarean section from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, in a hospital in Haikou as the research object, retrospective data collection and postpartum monitoring to discharge were conducted for all cesarean section parturients during the study period. The monitoring content was whether there were postoperative complications. The descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze postoperative infection and pathogenic bacteria and their drug resistance, and the multivariate Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the influencing factors of infection after cesarean section. Results A total of 3 012 cesarean section parturients were included in the study, of which 2 015 cases were ≤35 years old, accounting for 66.90%; 16.70% had a history of cesarean section. Postoperative infection occurred in 146 cases, with an incidence rate of 4.85%. A total of 178 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated and cultured, mainly Escherichia coli （52 strains, 29.21%）, Klebsiella pneumoniae （24 strains, 13.48%）, and Staphylococcus aureus （39 strains, 21.91%）, and all of them had low resistance to levofloxacin, amikacin, and imipenem. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years old （OR=1.871）, gestational diabetes mellitus （OR=2.532）, malnutrition （OR=4.952）, more than 2 surgical indications （OR=2.305）, indwelling catheter time>24 h （OR=2.161）, and no antibiotics （OR=1.767） were risk factors for postoperative infection in cesarean section parturient. Conclusion There are many risk factors for infection after cesarean section, and the pathogenic bacteria are mainly Gram-negative bacteria. In case of abnormal conditions, clinical prophylactic drugs can be given reasonably according to the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in the hospital, effectively controlling the incidence of postoperative infection.

Key words: Cesarean section, Postoperative infection, Pathogenic bacteria, Influencing factor