Abstract: Objective To analyze the incidence of nosocomial infection and characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in a tertiary cancer hospital in Urumqi from 2018 to 2022. Methods The real-time monitoring system for nosocomial infection was used to obtain the incidence of infection during hospitalization of patients in a tertiary cancer hospital who stayed for ≥2 days from January 2018 to December 2022. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the incidence of nosocomial infection and the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 6 647 cases were hospitalized in a tertiary cancer hospital, and 803 cases of nosocomial infection occurred, with an incidence of 12.08%. The incidence of nosocomial infection in 2021 and 2022 was lower than that in 2018, 2019, and 2020 （P<0.05）. The incidence of nosocomial infection in different years showed a downward trend （P<0.01）. A total of 1 067 strains of pathogens were detected in 803 patients with nosocomial infection, including 635 cases of single pathogen infection, 160 cases of double infection, and 8 cases of multiple infection. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in patients with nosocomial infection in terms of age, infection site, malignant tumor, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, types of antibiotics used, diabetes mellitus, nutritional risk, invasive operation, and hospitalization time （ P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Among 1 067 strains of pathogenic bacteria, 597 strains were Gram-negative, accounting for 55.95%, 320 strains were Gram-positive, accounting for 22.99%, and 150 strains were fungi, accounting for 14.06%. The top five pathogens were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus viridans. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to levofloxacin, ampicillin, and cefuroxime axetil were 100.00%, 97.46%, and 65.68%, respectively. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin was 100.00%, followed by cefuroxime axetil and cefotetan, with resistance rates of 98.57% and 97.86%, respectively. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin were 90.60%, 48.72%, and 41.88%, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of nosocomial infection in the tertiary cancer hospital decreased year by year. The pathogens were mainly gram-negative bacteria, and their distribution had obvious characteristics of age and infection site. It is suggested to formulate targeted preventive measures to control the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Key words: Cancer hospital, Nosocomial infection, Pathogenic bacteria, Infection site, Prevention and control measures