Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyze the incidence and influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） among pupils in Taihe County. Methods A total of 3 122 pupils from three primary schools in Taihe County were selected for investigation, and their ADHD was diagnosed according to the American Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders （5th Edition）. The basic information and illness of pupils were collected by self-made questionnaire, and the influencing factors of the occurrence of ADHD among pupils were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results The detection rate of ADHD among pupils in Taihe County was 6.28%. Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of ADHD among pupils in Taihe County was related to gender, maternal education level, history of epilepsy, maternal mode of delivery, premature birth, asphyxia at birth, maternal smoking during pregnancy, feeding pattern, lead exposure, parental relationship, parental divorce, beat-and-scold education style, picky eating, and learning difficulties （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that boys （OR=5.650）, with a history of epilepsy （OR=11.831）, maternal smoking during pregnancy （OR=12.558）, premature birth （OR=5.550）, asphyxia at birth （OR=21.739）, feeding pattern （milk powder） （OR=10.122）, poor parental relationship （OR=6.742）, parental divorce （OR=7.448）, and beat-and-scold education style （OR=6.671） of pupils were at higher risk of ADHD. Conclusions The incidence of ADHD among pupils in Taihe County is high, which is related to various factors such as gender, history of epilepsy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, premature birth, asphyxia at birth, feeding pattern, parental relationship, parental divorce, and beat-and-scold education style. It is suggested that family members, schools, and other relevant departments should formulate effective measures according to relevant influencing factors in time to reduce the risk of ADHD.

Key words: Pupil, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Influencing factor