Abstract: Objective To evaluate the characteristics and influencing factors of recurrent anal infection of HPV 6 and 16 in HIV-negative men who have sex with men （MSM） in Urumqi. Methods From 2016 to 2021, MSM were recruited in cooperation with nongovernmental organizations in Urumqi, followed up once every 6 months, collected perianal explants for HPV genotyping, analyzed the age distribution characteristics of HPV 6 and HPV 16, and Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of recurrent infection. Results A total of 626 MSM were enrolled in this study, with a median age of 30 （25, 36） years, a median follow-up time of 36.63 （22.18, 52.10） months and 5 （3, 7） follow-up times. The baseline infection rates of HPV 6 and 16 were 10.26% （95%CI： 8.23%-12.64%） and 9.09% （95%CI： 7.19%-11.35%）, respectively. Among the 37 types, the highest recurrent infection rates were HPV 6 and 16 [13.9% （95%CI： 11.13%-17.14%） and 9.74% （95%CI： 7.45%-12.52%）, respectively], and showed age-specific. The recurrent infection rate of HPV 6 of <24 years old MSM was higher than that of other age groups, while the recurrent infection rate of HPV 16 increased with age. After adjusting for demographic and sexual behavior characteristics, the risk of recurrent HPV 6 infection was increased in men who had anal sex with men （αOR=1.637）. Conclusions The recurrent infection rate of HPV 6 and 16 is high. It is necessary to vaccinate the HPV vaccine in MSM, especially young MSM, to prevent HPV-related diseases.

Key words: Men who have sex with men, Human papilloma virus, Recurrent infection