Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and iodine nutrition of school-age children in Wuhan, and to explore the correlation between them, to provide a basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies for thyroid nodules and iodine deficiency disorder in children. Methods From 2019 to 2021, according to the east, west, south, north, and middle positions of the eight districts in Wuhan, one primary school was selected from each positions, 40 non-boarding students aged 8-10 years from each primary school were selected for thyroid B-ultrasound examination, their height and weight were measured, and urine samples and household salt samples were randomly tested once. The Chi-square test, rank sum test, and binary Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of thyroid nodules and their correlation with urinary iodine levels. Results A total of 1 600 school-age children aged 8-10 years were investigated. The median urinary iodine was 245.51 μg/L, and the median urinary iodine exceeded the appropriate level in children of different genders, ages, and regions. The median iodine content of edible salt was 23.70 mg/kg in children aged 8-10 years, and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 95.63% （1 530/1 600）. The median urinary iodine content was positively correlated with the median iodine content of edible salt （P<0.01）. The detection rate of thyroid nodules in school-age children aged 8-10 years was 4.94% （79/1 600）. Girls （OR=1.71） and high urinary iodine levels （OR=1.39） were risk factors for thyroid nodules in children. The detection rate of thyroid nodules was positively correlated with the urinary iodine level of children （P<0.01）. Conclusions The prevalence of thyroid nodules in school-age children aged 8-10 years in Wuhan is lower than that in most areas of China. The iodine nutrition level is above the appropriate level. High urinary iodine levels can increase the risk of thyroid nodules in children.

Key words: School-age children, Thyroid nodule, Iodine nutrition, Correlation