Abstract: Objective To investigate the positive rate and influencing factors of recombinant mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test (EC-ST) for screening latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients, to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods From April 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023, 549 eligible HIV/AIDS patients requiring CD4+T lymphocyte count detection were selected as the study objects, and EC-ST detection was performed on them. According to the results of EC-ST, HIV/AIDS patients were divided into LTBI group and non-LTBI group to explore the factors affecting the positive rate of LTBI. R software was used to establish a restricted cubic spline model to fit the dose-response relationship between CD4+T lymphocyte levels and the risk of LTBI. Results CD4+T lymphocyte level was an influential factor in EC-ST screening for positive rate of LTBI in HIV/AIDS patients (OR=1.002), and was linearly correlated with the risk of LTBI (non-linear test χ²=0.140, P>0.05). Conclusions The positive rate of LTBI in EC-ST screening in HIV/AIDS patients is influenced by the level of CD4+T lymphocytes. It is necessary to strengthen health education and preventive treatment of LTBI among HIV/AIDS patients, focusing on LTBI screening and health monitoring of HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4+T lymphoid cell levels indicating severe immune deficiency.

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Recombinant mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein, Latent tuberculosis infection, Restrictive cubic spline