Objective To explore the pollution levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhuhai City, and to assess the health risks to the population via inhalation exposure. Methods In 2022, from the 10th to the 16th of each month, PM_2.5 samples were collected in three districts of Zhuhai City. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 was measured using the gravimetric method, while the concentrations of 16 types of PAHs were detected using liquid chromatography. Additionally, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks resulting from inhaling PAHs were evaluated. Results In 2022, the concentration of atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhuhai City was 7.00-80.00 μg/m³, with a median of 19.00 μg/m³ and an annual average of 23.85 μg/m³. The overall concentration of 16 PAHs ranged from 0.43 to 17.99 ng/m³, with a median of 0.68 ng/m³. The median HQ of naphthalene was 4.33×10^-5 and P₉₅ was 1.20×10^-4. The median HQ for benzo [a]pyrene （BaP） was 0.01 and P₉₅ was 0.24. The carcinogenic equivalent concentration of 16 PAHs were calculated using BaP as the reference toxic equivalent factor, the total lifetime excess carcinogen risk （ECR） calculated by P₉₅ was 6.64×10^-7, which was lower than the acceptable level of 1×10^-6. Conclusions The overall concentration of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhuhai City is relatively low. Besides, both the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed to the population by exposure to atmospheric PAHs are within acceptable risk thresholds.

Objective To explore the various dietary patterns of permanent residents in Yuncheng City and their impact on high-risk groups for coronary heart disease (CHD), and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the risk of CHD in local residents from the perspective of dietary patterns. Methods Permanent residents of Yuncheng City were selected as study subjects using a phased random sampling method. Relevant data from the participants were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The food frequency method was employed for dietary assessment, while the Framingham risk score was utilized to estimate the risk of CHD over the next 10 years. Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis, and the relationship between these dietary patterns and the risk of CHD was examined using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 2 037 residents were included in the study, among them 526 were identified as high-risk groups for CHD, accounting for 25.82%. Factor analysis identified four dietary patterns in Yuncheng City: traditional pattern, meat pattern, starch pattern, and dairy-egg-fruit pattern. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis showed that a high score in the meat pattern (Q4, OR=1.835, 95% CI: 1.329-3.224) and a high score in the dairy-egg-fruit pattern (Q4, OR=0.671, 95% CI: 0.329-0.871) were associated with being at high risk for CHD (both P<0.01). Conclusion Dietary patterns are closely related to the risk of CHD in Yuncheng City, and it is necessary to advocate for a reasonable and healthy diet among residents to improve the occurrence and development of CHD.

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of a food poisoning strain of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in Shenzhen and understand the types of enterotoxins of SA, and to trace the source of the pathogenic bacteria causing by food poisoning. Methods Vomitus, anal swabs, suspicious foods, and environmental smear samples of the food poisoning were collected, and the strains were further isolated and biochemically identified. The enterotoxin genes were detected by fluorescence PCR, enterotoxins were detected by ELISA, and the isolated SA were tested by microbroth dilution. The whole genome sequencing method was used to sequence the strains, and the strain sequences were compared with the Resfinder, CARD, MLST, and VFDB databases to obtain drug resistance genes, ST types, and virulence factors, respectively. The phylogenetic tree was drawn by the bioinformatics analysis platform. Results SA was detected in 13 samples, with a positive rate of 65%, including 2 anal swabs from patients, 1 vomit sample, 5 food samples, and 5 environmental smear samples. A total of 36 strains of suspicious colonies were selected from the positive samples, none of them were detected with sea, seb, sec, sed, and see enterotoxin genes, 24 samples were detected by ELISA to produce type E enterotoxin, and the VFDB database results showed that 36 strains of SA carried the novel enterotoxin gene seg and enterotoxoid genes selm, seln, and selo. All strains were resistant to penicillin (100%) and sensitive to other antibiotics (0%). The strains carrying β-lactam resistance genes showed 100% phenotypic resistance, while the strains carrying tetracycline, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and other resistance genes did not show corresponding phenotypic resistance. All 36 strains were ST-1281 type, the SNP mutation site gap of the strains was small, and the SNP mutation site matrix ranging from 0 to 13. Conclusion This incident was caused by ST-1281 type SA, and it is a relatively rare food poisoning caused by a new type of enterotoxin.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of low-level viraemia (LLV) and its relationship with virus inhibition failure (VF) in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Lu'an City, and to provide the evidence for the prevention of LLV. Methods A retrospective cohort study design was utilized, the ART database of the Lu'an City was obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. HIV/AIDS patients who underwent ART, aged ≥16 years, and had an ART duration≥6 months between 2006 and 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Descriptive analysis was used to examine demographic characteristics and ART status, while a logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of LLV. Additionally, a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was utilized to assess the association between LLV and VF. Results A total of 1 834 respondents were included in the analysis. The incidence of LLV was found to be 24.21% (444 cases), comprising 15.87% (291 cases) with low-level LLV (LLLV), 4.20% (77 cases) with medium-level LLV (MLLV), and 4.14% (76 cases) with high-level LLV (HLLV). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of VF for LLVs at different levels (P<0.05). The influencing factors of LLV included the current treatment area (Jin'an District OR=3.017, Yeji District OR=3.075, Shucheng County OR=3.473), route of infection (homosexual transmission OR=0.382, heterosexual transmission OR=0.504), change in treatment scheme (OR=1.854), baseline CD4+T lymphocyte count<200/μL (OR=1.642), as well as treatment duration being 1-5 years (OR=0.660). Conclusions There is a high risk for LLV in HIV/AIDS patients in Lu'an City, which increases their risk for VF. The risk factors identified include baseline CD4+T lymphocyte count<200/μL, changing treatment schemes, among others. It is necessary to start ART as earlier as possible and improve the quality of treatment management of patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary acid load and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in pregnant women. Methods A prospective study was conducted in 1 788 pregnant women recruited from Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University. The semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake for 74 common daily foods at a gestational age of fewer than 20 weeks. The potential renal acid load (PRAL), net endogenous acid production (NEAP), and the ratio of animal protein to potassium (A∶P ratio) were used to estimate dietary acid load. A glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of 75 grams of glucose orally administered for 2 hours after an 8-hour fast was performed to diagnose GDM at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Results The values of the PRAL, NEAP, and A∶P ratio were (0.9±11.2) mEq/day, (44.3±17.7) mEq/day, and (9.7±6.2), respectively. The dietary acid load was significantly positively correlated with the intake of red meat, poultry, fish, and eggs, and negatively correlated with the intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, and legumes (all P<0.05). The lowest and highest quantiles of dietary acid load were compared, including the PRAL (OR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.37, 3.69, P=0.002), NEAP (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.22, 3.28, P= 0.011), and A∶P ratio (OR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.33, 3.35, P = 0.004) significantly increased the risk of GDM. In addition, the dietary acid load was correlated with an increase in postprandial blood glucose (PBG) at 1 hour and PBG at 2 hours after load (both P<0.05). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between dietary acid load during pregnancy and the risk of GDM in pregnant women, suggesting that reducing dietary acid load is an effective preventive strategy to reduce the incidence of GDM.

Objective To analyze the survival time of HIV-infected/AIDS patients and its influencing factors in Jinjiang City from 2018 to 2022. Methods The case data of HIV-infected/AIDS patients in Jinjiang City from 2018 to 2022 were derived from the “AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Data Information Management System” of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the influencing factors of the survival time of HIV-infected/AIDS patients were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression models. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 937 HIV-infected/AIDS patients with current addresses in Jinjiang City were registered, including 774 males and 163 females. At the end of observation, 151 of the 937 reported cases were AIDS-related deaths, the AIDS-related fatality rate was 16.12%, and the mean survival time was 154.55 months (95% CI: 138.20-170.90). Multivariate Cox proportional risk model results showed that baseline CD4+T lymphocytes were 200 - < 350/μL (HR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.10-0.43), ≥350 /μL (HR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.09 - 0.37), and antiviral therapy (ART) (HR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.13) had a lower risk of death. Conclusion Baseline CD4+T lymphocyte levels and ART are factors influencing survival in HIV-infected/AIDS patients.

Objective To investigate the positive rate and influencing factors of recombinant mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test (EC-ST) for screening latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients, to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods From April 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023, 549 eligible HIV/AIDS patients requiring CD4+T lymphocyte count detection were selected as the study objects, and EC-ST detection was performed on them. According to the results of EC-ST, HIV/AIDS patients were divided into LTBI group and non-LTBI group to explore the factors affecting the positive rate of LTBI. R software was used to establish a restricted cubic spline model to fit the dose-response relationship between CD4+T lymphocyte levels and the risk of LTBI. Results CD4+T lymphocyte level was an influential factor in EC-ST screening for positive rate of LTBI in HIV/AIDS patients (OR=1.002), and was linearly correlated with the risk of LTBI (non-linear test χ²=0.140, P>0.05). Conclusions The positive rate of LTBI in EC-ST screening in HIV/AIDS patients is influenced by the level of CD4+T lymphocytes. It is necessary to strengthen health education and preventive treatment of LTBI among HIV/AIDS patients, focusing on LTBI screening and health monitoring of HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4+T lymphoid cell levels indicating severe immune deficiency.

Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of depression in Chinese elderly aged ≥60 years, to provide a reference for the formulation of depression prevention and control policy. Methods Based on the survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey in 2020, the related data of behavior and life habits, health status, and life function of the elderly aged ≥60 years were selected. The multivariate stepwise logistic model was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression, and the MLP neural network model was constructed to rank the importance of the influencing factors. Results A total of 8 337 elderly people aged ≥60 years were included, and the prevalence of depression was 41.05%. The Logistic regression results showed that women (OR=1.79), agricultural household registration (OR=1.52), current address in rural areas (OR=1.28), married and separated (OR=1.33), divorced/widowed (OR=1.36), illiterate (OR=1.41), primary education level (OR=1.36), per capita monthly household expenditure<1 500 yuan (OR=1.32), sleep time<6 hours (OR=1.85), combined with≥2 chronic diseases (OR=1.46), high BADL score (OR=1.19), and high IADL score (OR=1.06) had a higher probability of depression in elderly people aged≥60 years. The probability of depression in elderly people aged ≥60 years who had quit smoking (OR=0.83), moderate to high intensity physical activity (OR=0.76), high health satisfaction (OR=0.53, 0.27), high life satisfaction (OR=0.24, 0.15), and high child satisfaction (OR=0.62, 0.47) was lower. The MLP neural network model showed that the relative importance ranking of the influencing factors for depression was from high to low, followed by life satisfaction, divorced/widowed, sleep time<6 hours, health satisfaction, current address in rural areas, sleep time>8 hours, child satisfaction, moderate to high intensity physical activity, married and separated, and current address in the urban-rural fringe. Conclusion The prevalence of depression in Chinese elderly aged ≥60 years is relatively high, and the mental health of the elderly should be promoted by advocating smoking cessation, regular exercise, maintaining proper sleep, and maintaining satisfaction with life.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of coronary artery lesions (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease and construct a nomogram prediction model for Kawasaki disease concurrent CAL. Methods A total of 220 children with Kawasaki disease who received treatment in cardiovascular department of Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected and divided into an analysis group (172 cases) and a validation group (48 cases). By analyzing the risk factors of Kawasaki disease concurrent CAL through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, a nomogram prediction model for Kawasaki disease concurrent CAL was constructed using R software, and the prediction model was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves. Results In the analysis group of 172 Kawasaki disease cases, 42 developed CAL, with an incidence rate of 24.42% (42/172). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that red blood cell distribution width (RDW) > 13.3% (OR=3.838), white blood cell count (WBC) > 10×10⁹/L (OR=2.363), cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) > 0.5 μg/L (OR=3.644), and C-reactive protein (CRP) > 50 mg/L (OR=4.614) were independent risk factors for Kawasaki disease concurrent CAL (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram prediction model for the analysis group was 0.851, and for the validation group, it was 0.920, indicating good consistency of the prediction model, with no significant difference in the goodness-of-fit test between the analysis group and validation group (P=0.573). Conclusion A nomogram prediction model composed of RDW, WBC, cTnI, and CRP may help guide the prevention of Kawasaki disease concurrent CAL.

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of obesity among university students in Anhui Province, and to provide a basis for the formulation of relevant intervention strategies. Methods Through a multistage stratified cluster sampling, 17 394 university students from 16 cities in Anhui Province were selected for physical measurements and questionnaire surveys. logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of obesity among university students. Results Among the surveyed university students, 1 684 were determined to be obese, with an obesity rate of 9.68%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that being girl (OR=0.302) and engaging in moderate to high-intensity physical activity for ≥5 days in the past week (OR=0.652) were protective factors against obesity, while consuming sugary drinks ≥1 time per day (OR=1.203) and sleeping less than 7 hours per day (OR=1.188) were risk factors for obesity among university students. Gender-specific analysis showed that consuming sugary drinks≥1 time per day (OR=1.460) was a risk factor for obesity in girls, while engaging in moderate to high-intensity physical activity for 3-4 days or for ≥5 days (OR=0.823, 0.609) in the past week were protective factors against obesity in boys. Conclusion Consumption of sugary drinks, inadequate moderate to high-intensity physical activity, and insufficient sleep are the main influencing factors of obesity among university students, and gender-specific intervention measures should be implemented.

Objective To explore the status of cigarette smoking and its influencing factors among adolescent students in Guangdong Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting tobacco control among adolescents. Methods Using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, selected students from 58 middle schools (including junior high schools, ordinary high schools, and vocational high schools) in 10 counties or districts of Guangdong Province for self-administered questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate analyses with complex survey module of SPSS 23.0 were used to explore the influencing factors. Results A total of 8 860 students were investigated, including 4 689 boys and 4 171 girls, mainly aged 13 to 18 years, accounting for 89.9%. The rate of cigarette smoking among adolescent students was 4.9% in Guangdong Province, with boys (7.4%) significantly higher than girls (2.0%), and the rates of junior high school, ordinary high school, and vocational high school students were 2.3%, 4.1%, and 17.7%, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of cigarette smoking attempt among adolescent students was 17.8%, with boys (24.8%) significantly higher than girls (9.7%), and the rates of junior high school, ordinary high school, and vocational high school students were 11.3%, 21.8%, and 37.4%, respectively (P<0.05). There were 68.2% of students were exposed to secondhand smoke in four types of public places: at home, indoors, outdoors, or public transport. In addition, 46.9% of students were exposed to secondhand smoke at school. Logistic regression analysis showed that boys (OR=2.434, 2.137), high school period (OR=1.873, 1.793), peer smoking (OR=31.681, 4.566), teachers smoking (OR=1.777, 1.614), and secondhand smoke exposure in the home (OR=1.706, 1.410) were the common risk factors of cigarette smoking and smoking attempt behaviors among adolescent students. Exposure to tobacco control information within 30 days (OR=0.616, 0.758) was the factor that impede cigarette smoking and smoking attempt behaviors. Conclusions The rate of cigarette smoking attempt is higher among adolescent students in Guangdong, and boys and high school students are the key groups of smoking cigarettes. Smoking behavior is affected by gender, school level, smoking of important relationships, and second-hand smoke exposure. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to reduce smoking among students.