Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its associated risk factors within a population undergoing routine health examinations. Methods A systematic literature search was con⁃ducted across seven databases—CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane—to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2024. The Meta-analysis of the selected literature was per⁃formed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results A total of 19 studies were ultimately included in the analysis. The pooled results of the Meta-analysis indicated that the prevalence of NAFLD in the health examination population was 27.80% (95% CI: 18.80%-36.80%). Significant risk factors for the development of NAFLD in this cohort included high body mass in⁃dex, obesity/central obesity, increased waist circumference, advanced age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, abnormal liver func⁃tion, glycemic abnormalities, hematological irregularities, and adverse lifestyle habits. Conclusions This Meta-analysis con⁃firms that individuals undergoing routine health examinations represent a key demographic for the prevention and control of NAFLD, confronting a significant disease burden. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is strongly associated with multiple Metabolic abnormalities and detrimental lifestyle factors, which underscores the urgency of implementing early screening protocols and systematic health management. It is recommended that comprehensive monitoring of Metabolic indicators—including body weight, lipid profiles, and blood glucose levels—be integrated into standard health examinations. Furthermore, strengthening lifestyle interventions is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of NAFLD prevention and management strategies.

Objective To construct a microbial flora-based prediction model for childhood dental caries and subsequently establish a personalized caries prevention program based on this model. Methods Utilizing a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, 420 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years were recruited for this study. Oral examinations were performed by dental professionals to document the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, from which the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index was calculated. Concurrently, pertinent behavioral data were gathered via questionnaires. Saliva specimens were collected, and following anaerobic culture, principal microbial counts were quantified. The cohort was randomly allocated into a training set and a validation set at a 7∶3 ratio. Based on the DMFT index, the training set was bifurcated into a caries group (DMFT>0) and a caries-free group (DMFT=0). Demographic data and microbial profiles were compared between these two groups. Significant variables were identified and incorporated into a logistic regression model to ascertain the risk factors associated with childhood dental caries. The predictive accuracy and clinical utility of the model were assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analyses. Results A total of 402 preschool children were incorporated into the final analysis, revealing a caries prevalence of 53.06% (156/294). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the use of fluoride toothpaste (OR=0.348) and pre-sleep toothbrushing (OR=0.337) served as protective factors against the incidence of caries in this demographic. Conversely, frequent consumption of sweet foods (≥1 time/day; OR=2.260, 3.936), nocturnal eating habits (OR=3.016), and the presence of Streptococcus mutans (OR=2.118), Lactobacillus (OR=1.606), Bifidobacterium (OR=1.222), Scardovia wiggsiae (OR=5.666), and Candida albicans (OR=1.602) were identified as significant risk factors for the development of caries in preschool children (all P<0.05). The C-index for the nomogram model predicting caries in the training set was 0.909 (95% CI: 0.876-0.942), while the validation set yielded a C-index of 0.903 (95% CI: 0.853-0.954). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for the predictive model, which integrated microbial data with other principal indicators, was 0.909. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis revealed that the predictive model offered a superior net benefit in forecasting the risk of caries compared to single-indicator models. Within a threshold probability range of 0.00 to 1.00, the net benefit remained positive, reaching a maximum of 0.531. Conclusions The predictive model for dental caries in preschool children, which integrates microbial flora with other key indicators, exhibits high predictive efficacy and substantial practical applicability. This model can serve as a valuable reference for the formulation of personalized preventive strategies.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of upper gastrointestinal cancer in the population under 60 years old in Bozhou area, and construct an early-onset risk prediction model. Methods Data from 13 288 high-risk individuals for upper gastrointestinal cancer, aged less than 60 years, at Mengcheng County Second People's Hospital between 2022 to 2024 were collected. A case-control design was employed, matching by age, sex, and residence at a 1: 2 ratio, which resulted in a case group (n=598) and a control group (n=1196). Data on demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors were collected. Conditional logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify risk factors, which subsequently informed the construction of a risk prediction model. Results Significant differences were observed between the overall patient population with upper gastrointestinal cancer and the healthy control group with respect to history of digestive system diseases, alcohol consumption, frequency of anger, consumption of spicy foods, preference for scalding-hot food, intake of pickled products, consumption of leftover food, and garlic intake (all χ²<0.01). Within the patient population, the early-onset group (<50 years) showed significant differences compared to the late-onset group in terms of history of digestive system diseases, alcohol consumption, frequency of anger, preference for scalding-hot food, intake of pickled products, and garlic intake (all P<0.01). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of digestive system diseases (OR=3.043), long-term alcohol consumption (OR=3.701), frequent anger (OR=3.533), consumption of scalding-hot food (OR=3.385), frequent intake of pickled products (OR=3.485), and frequent garlic consumption (OR=0.255) were significant factors associated with early-onset upper gastrointestinal cancer in the 40 to <50 age group in the Bozhou region (all P<0.05). A nomogram-based risk prediction model constructed from the logistic regression demonstrated good discrimination, with a Concordance Index (C-index) of 0.835. Conclusions In Bozhou area, individuals under 60 with upper gastrointestinal cancer exhibit significant differences from the healthy population regarding history of digestive system diseases, alcohol consumption, frequent anger, preference for spicy diets, consumption of scalding-hot food, intake of pickled products, consumption of leftover food, and insufficient garlic intake. A significantly higher proportion of early-onset patients, compared to late-onset patients, reported a history of digestive system diseases, long-term alcohol consumption, frequent anger, consumption of scalding-hot food, frequent intake of pickled products, and insufficient garlic intake. These factors were identified as determinants for the early onset of upper gastrointestinal cancer in the high-risk population under 60 in this region. The nomogram risk prediction model, developed based on these factors, demonstrates excellent discrimination and accuracy.

Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution, evolutionary characteristics, and high-incidence areas of influenza cases in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, from 2019 to 2023, with the aim of informing the development of precise prevention and control measures. Methods Influenza case data reported in Ganzhou from 2019 to 2023 were collected and subjected to spatiotemporal scan analysis using SaTScan 10.2.4. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed with ArcGIS 10.8. Results A total of 92 051 influenza cases were reported in Ganzhou between 2019 and 2023, corresponding to an average annual incidence rate of 207.76 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rates for the respective years were 199.66, 104.34, 56.80, 233.47, and 440.79 per 100 000. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed significant spatial clustering, with Moran's I indices ranging from 0.268 to 0.716 (all P<0.001). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified “high-high” clusters in 62 townships, towns, and subdistricts across 10 counties (cities, districts), primarily concentrated in the central urban area, southern, southwestern, and northeastern regions of Ganzhou. Spatiotemporal analysis demonstrated pronounced clustering of influenza incidence during the study period, with the most significant cluster located in the central urban, southern, southeastern, and southwestern regions. The clustering period extended from March 1 to April 30, 2023, with a log likelihood ratio (LLR) of 12 647.25 and a relative risk (RR) of 7.95 (P<0.001). Conclusions Influenza cases in Ganzhou from 2019 to 2023 exhibited marked spatiotemporal clustering. Winter and spring emerged as critical periods for influenza prevention and control, with the central urban, southern, southeastern, southwestern, and northeastern regions identified as priority areas for targeted interventions.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution patterns of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Bao' an District, Shenzhen, from 2013 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods Surveillance data on acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis cases in Bao' an District (2013—2023) were collected. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. spatiotemporal scan analysis was conducted using SaTScan V9.5. Results A total of 8 384 acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis cases were reported in Bao' an District, Shenzhen, from 2013 to 2023. The annual incidence rate ranged from 2.29 to 36.67 per 100 000, with an average annual incidence rate of 14.65 per 100 000. Males had a significantly higher incidence than females (P<0.01). The highest incidence rate was found in the age group of 1 to 10 years. The peak incidence occurred in the months of September and October. The high-risk populations included workers, homemakers/ unemployed individuals, and students. Subdistricts with elevated incidence rates were Fuyong, Shiyan, Fuhai, and Songgang. The spatiotemporal scan analysis identified seven statistically significant clusters, covering eight streets. with spatial shifts observed over time: clusters initially concentrated in Fuyong, Shiyan, and Songgang subdistricts gradually transitioned to Xin' an and Xixiang subdistricts. Conclusions From 2013 to 2023, the incidence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Bao' an District, Shenzhen, exhibited a rising-then-falling trend, with distinct regional and demographic distribution characteristics. Significant spatiotemporal clustering was identified, highlighting the need for comprehensive prevention and control measures targeting high-risk areas and populations.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of populations at high risk for chronic diseases in Huangpu District,Guangzhou,and to investigate the impact of age and duration of physical activity on this high-risk population. Methods Residents aged≥18 years were screened through outpatient clinics,free clinics,physical examinations,and vaccination clinics across 17 primary healthcare institutions in Huangpu District. Chi-square tests and a multivariate logistic regression model were employed to analyze the impact of age and physical activity duration on high-risk populations for chronic diseases. Multiplicative interaction analysis was utilized to assess the combined effect of age and physical activity duration on this demographic. Results A total of 4 549 participants were included,with a mean age of （41.96±12.98） years;1 444 （31.74%） were male. Among these,1 471 individuals were identified as being at high risk for chronic diseases,yielding a detection rate of 32.24%. After adjusting for covariates,logistic regression analysis indicated that individuals aged ≥45 years（OR=1.67,95% CI：1.42-1.97） or engaging in <150 minutes/week of physical activity （OR=1.65,95% CI：1.43-1.91） exhibited an increased risk profile for chronic diseases （both P<0.01）. Multiplicative interaction analysis revealed a synergistic effect between age ≥45 years and physical activity duration <150 minutes/week on the high-risk status for chronic diseases （OR=3.05,95% CI：2.41 - 3.87）. Age≥45 years and physical activity duration <150 minutes/week were identified as risk factors for individuals presenting with one or≥2 risk factors for chronic diseases. Conclusions Age≥45 years and physical activity duration <150 minutes/week are significant risk factors for populations at high risk of chronic diseases,and these two factors demonstrate a multiplicative interaction effect on the risk of developing chronic diseases within this population.

Objective To assess the cognition, vaccination willingness and behavior of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among adult women in Shenzhen, and to identify influencing factors. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was employed to recruit women aged 18-<46 years from 20 communities in Shenzhen. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, HPV knowledge, and vaccination status. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with vaccination willingness and behavior. Results Among 1 140 participants (mean age: 30.9 years), 47.1% (537/1 140) held a college degree or higher. Awareness rates were 80.0% (912/1 140) for HPV and 96.6% (1 101/1 140) for HPV vaccines. Overall, 77.2% (880/1 140) demonstrated adequate HPV-related knowledge. Regarding vaccination stages: 40.9%(466/1 140) were in action stage, 44.7%(510/1 140) were in the intention stage and 14.4%(164/1 140) were in the no-intention stage. Comparison between the action and intention stage showed that women aged ≥26 years (26-<36: OR=2.149; 36-<46: OR=2.349), college-educated(OR=2.152), HPV-aware(OR=2.533) and knowledge-qualified (OR=2.027) were more likely to be in action, while those working in service/industries workers (OR=0.565), and unemployed individuals (OR=0.420) were more likely to be in the intention stage (all P<0.05). Comparison between the intention and no-intention stage showed that women aged 36-<46 years (OR=2.503) were more likely to be in the no-intention stage, while women with household incomes of 5 000-10 000 CNY/month (OR=0.616), HPV vaccine-aware (OR=0.354) and knowledge-qualified(OR=0.294) were more likely to be in the intention stage(all P<0.05). Conclusions Adult women in Shenzhen exhibit high cognition of HPV vaccines, with high vaccination rate and willingness. And the willingness and behavior are associated with age, education level, household income, HPV knowledge, and vaccine awareness.

Objective To explore the causal relationships between vitamin D-related biomarkers and diagnostic parameters of sarcopenia utilizing Mendelian Randomization (MR) approaches. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analyses were conducted to investigate the causal associations between vitamin D-related biomarkers(including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin D supplementation) and sarcopenia diagnostic parameters, namely low handgrip strength, appendicular lean mass (ALM), and gait speed. Additionally, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was employed to assess the independent causal effects of these biomarkers. Replication analyses were subsequently performed using alternative datasets for sarcopenia diagnostic parameters. Meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize the results from both primary and replication TSMR analyses. Results The MR estimates derived from primary, multivariable, and replication analyses did not reveal significant causal associations between vitamin D-related biomarkers and sarcopenia diagnostic parameters. However, meta-analytic results indicated significant causal relationships between the absence of vitamin D deficiency and gait speed (β=0.001, 95% CI = 0.000 2-0.001 8, P=0.019) as well as low handgrip strength (OR=0.993, 95% CI=0.987-0.999, P=0.015), and between serum 25(OH)D levels and gait speed (β=0.015, 95% CI=0.004-0.027, P=0.009). Conclusion Maintaining optimal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D may help prevent the decline in gait speed, while the absence of vitamin D deficiency may also reduce the risk of developing low handgrip strength.