Abstract: Objective To study factors affecting the efficacy of rabies immunization. Methods People with rabies exposure were investigated by the method of questionnaire and their anti-rabies virus IgG levels were detected by ELISA after immunization. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for factors influencing immunological effect of rabies vaccination. Contents of the questionnaire included demographic situation, animal handling injuries and wounds, rabies vaccine and human rabies immune globulin application, smoking and drinking habits, and history of chronic diseases. Results A total of 2 091 subjects ( 1 087 males, 1 004 females, mean age［31.01±19.53］years) were studied. The anti-rabies virus IgG positive rate was 96.8% (2 024/2 091). Positive rates in groups of 1-19, 20-39, and 40-85 years were 98.2% (637/649), 97.0% (690/711), and 95.3% (697/731), respectively. The positive rates were 92.2% (165/179) in people with head-face, body exposure, or multi-position exposure and 97.2% (1 859/1 912) in people with limbs exposure. The positive rates in people with or without immunization history before exposure to rabies were 98.5% (528/536) and 96.2% (1 496/1 555), respectively. The positive rates in people with and without chronic diseases were 86.8% (46/53) and 97.1% (1 978/2 038). The positive rates in smoking or nonsmoking people during the treatment was 94.0% (282/300) and 97.3% (1 742/1 791), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the higher the people age was, the lower the positive rate would be (OR=0.59). The positive rate was lower in people with chronic diseases than those without chronic diseases (OR=0.22), lower in smokers than those in nonsmokers during the treatment (OR=0.50), lower in people with head-face or body exposure or multi-position exposure than those with limbs exposure (OR=0.31), but higher in people with immunization history before exposure to rabies than those without immunization history (OR=2.55).