Abstract: Objective To understand the life tables and cause eliminated life tables of main death causes in the population of Guangzhou in 2012. Methods Mortality data and demographical information in Yuexiu and Liwan Districts of Guangzhou during 2012 were collected from the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs). Causes of death were categorized using codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10). The life tables and cause eliminated life tables were calculated according to the method established by Jiang Qinglang. Results A total of 1 882 888 residents in Yuexiu and Liwan Districts were recruited in the present study, including 941 876 (50.02%) males and 941 012 (49.98%) females. 13 460 deaths were recorded during the study period, including 7 616 (56.6%) males and 5 844 (43.4%) females. The top eight causes of death in the total participants were malignant tumors (mortality was 20 394/100 000), cardiovascular diseases (16 549/100 000), respiratory diseases (14 722/100 000), cerebrovascular diseases (8 954/100 000), injuries and poisoning (2 299/100 000), gastrointestinal diseases (2 188/100 000), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (2 029/100 000),[JP] and infectious diseases (813/100 000). The life expectancy was 81.80 years in all recruited population, 79.24 years in males, and 84.49 years in females. The top eight leading causes of the life losses were malignant tumors (3.82 years), respiratory diseases (2.58 years), cardiovascular diseases (2.42 years), cerebrovascular diseases (1.17 years), injuries and poisoning (0.46 years), gastrointestinal diseases (0.32 years), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (0.25 years), and infectious diseases (0.22 years) in males and cardiovascular diseases (2.97 years), malignant tumors (2.63 years), respiratory diseases (2.05 years), cerebrovascular diseases (1.28 years), injuries and poisoning (0.40 years), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (0.33 years), gastrointestinal diseases (0.30 years), and infectious diseases (0.08 years) in females.Conclusion Life expectancy of residents in Guangzhou has a trend of increment. The life expectancy of females was higher than that of males. Chronic non-infectious diseases have become the main causes affecting people’s life expectancy.