Objective to construct an evaluation index system and assess emergency response capacity of Guangdong CDCs. Methods Health emergency response capacity evaluation index system of Guangdong CDCs was drafted based upon expert consultation, documentary analysis and focus group discussion on the basis of Guangdong CDCs’ duties and features of emergency work. The evaluation index system was established by applying Delphi method two rounds to consult 26 experts chosen from Guangdong Province. By conducting a questionnaire survey, a general investigation was made for 22 cities of Guangdong Province including Shunde. Analytic hierarchy process was applied to calculate the weight of primary and secondary indexes and proportionate allocation method was used to calculate the third-level. Hierarchical clustering was applied for the classification of the CDCs. Results Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted, 26 and 24 questionnaires were sent in each round, 24 and 23 were recovered respectively, and general recovery rate was 94% (47/50). Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.412 and 0.490 at the first and second round of expert consultations respectively. After two rounds of consultations, the evaluation index system was established and its overall Crowns Bach alpha coefficient was 0.858. The constructed index system consists of 8 primary indexes, 24 secondary indexes, and 60 third-level indexes. The eight primary indexes included emergency management system, human resources, surveillance and early-warning ability, emergency response capacity, laboratory’s testing capability, emergent supply capability, trainings and drills, health education and media communication, whose systematic weights were 0.119 8, 0.131 2, 0.121 3 0.193 6,0.129 3, 0.127 8, 0.099 5, and 0.077 5, respectively. The emergency capacity assessment states that the top 3 cities with the highest scores were Shenzhen (0.922), Guangzhou (0.913) and Zhuhai (0.877) while Shanwei (0.475), Heyuan (0.523) and Yunfu (0.541) were the last 3 cities with the lowest scores. The 22 CDCs in the province were classified into 4 categories through hierarchical clustering. The cities of Classes 3 and 4, with a lower emergency response capacity, were mainly in the western, eastern, and northern parts of Guangdong. A positive correlation was found between the scores and local GDP levels (r=0.828 9, P<0.01). Conclusion The index system constructed in this study possesses a high credibility. The emergency response capacity among CDCs in Guangdong is not balanced and the capability of CDCs in economic less-developed areas is relatively weak.

Objective To determine status of anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients after being discharged in community in Guangzhou and analyze their influencing factors. Methods Women who were not inpatient after being diagnosed with breast cancer and treated between 2010 and 2012 were recruited from 16 communities in Guangzhou using multistage cluster sampling for questionnaire survey. Contents of the questionnaire included demographic and clinical information, tumor family history, economic and psychological status, as well as self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale （SDS）. The Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 245 questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 94.2% (245/260). The average age of patients was (57.2±11.7) years old. Of the patients, 50.6% (124/245) had the educational level of high school and above and 57.1% (140/245) were retirees. The average standard score of anxiety was (35.7±7.7), higher than the national norm (29.78±10.07) (P<0.01). The average crude score of depression was (38.7±9.2). The proportion of breast cancer patients with anxiety and depression were 28.6% (70/245) and 49.0% (120/245), respectively. Non-conditional logistic regression showed that 1-2 and more than 3 kinds of treatment side effects were risk factors of both anxiety and depression compared with no treatment side effects (anxiety: OR=21.9, 12.2; depression: OR=6.2, 4.8). A wish to obtain support from physicians was risk factor of anxiety relative to the one from family/friends (OR=2.2). However, more attention from physicians and family history of cancer were protective factors of depression for breast cancer patients comparing to those with less physician’s attention and without family history of cancer (both ORs=0.4). Conclusion The rates of anxiety and depression were higher in breast cancer patients in Guangzhou. We suggest to enhance the medical guidance and psychological intervention, reduce side effects of treatment, and improve the ability of patients to participate in social work, and increase communication between physicians and patients to reduce anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems.

Objective To analyze the occurrence, infection, transmission of relevant factors of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) among scattered children. Methods Scattered children under 3 years and diagnosed with HFMD in Nanhai District of Foshan City in June 2012 were selected as case group according to the report of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Scattered children at the similar ages and living in the same community with the case group but not subject to HFMD in the previous year were selected as control group. Epidemiological survey was conducted on the guardians of the children in both groups via standardized questionnaires. The content of the questionnaire included demographic situation, place of residence, travel, family and neighbors, disease diagnosis and treatment, contact history, activity history, and hygienic habit. Single-factor and multi-factor analyses on the risk factors of HFMD were carried out through chi-square test and logistic regression, respectively. Results The case group had 60 patients, 38 males and 22 females, mean age (1.37 ± 0.61) years. There were 101 children in the control group, 56 males and 45 females, mean age (1.30 ± 0.90) years. There were no statistically significant differences of gender and age between case group and control group. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis found that children with the following conditions were easier to get infected with HFMD: seldom washing hands after going out (OR=3.622), sharing hand towel (OR=30.086), visiting vaccination site in the past 2 weeks (OR=6.763), playing in the public activity place of the village in the past 2 weeks (OR=10.692), playing in enclosed play center for children in the mall frequently (OR=11.389), and the carer having low education level (OR=17.028). Conclusion It can be concluded that the scattered children’s infection with HFMD is closely related to the daily hygienic habits and the living environments. Parents shall try their best to eliminate or reduce all the risks when possible, and provide a safe and hygienic environment for the babies and children.

Objective To study factors affecting the efficacy of rabies immunization. Methods People with rabies exposure were investigated by the method of questionnaire and their anti-rabies virus IgG levels were detected by ELISA after immunization. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for factors influencing immunological effect of rabies vaccination. Contents of the questionnaire included demographic situation, animal handling injuries and wounds, rabies vaccine and human rabies immune globulin application, smoking and drinking habits, and history of chronic diseases. Results A total of 2 091 subjects ( 1 087 males, 1 004 females, mean age［31.01±19.53］years) were studied. The anti-rabies virus IgG positive rate was 96.8% (2 024/2 091). Positive rates in groups of 1-19, 20-39, and 40-85 years were 98.2% (637/649), 97.0% (690/711), and 95.3% (697/731), respectively. The positive rates were 92.2% (165/179) in people with head-face, body exposure, or multi-position exposure and 97.2% (1 859/1 912) in people with limbs exposure. The positive rates in people with or without immunization history before exposure to rabies were 98.5% (528/536) and 96.2% (1 496/1 555), respectively. The positive rates in people with and without chronic diseases were 86.8% (46/53) and 97.1% (1 978/2 038). The positive rates in smoking or nonsmoking people during the treatment was 94.0% (282/300) and 97.3% (1 742/1 791), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the higher the people age was, the lower the positive rate would be (OR=0.59). The positive rate was lower in people with chronic diseases than those without chronic diseases (OR=0.22), lower in smokers than those in nonsmokers during the treatment (OR=0.50), lower in people with head-face or body exposure or multi-position exposure than those with limbs exposure (OR=0.31), but higher in people with immunization history before exposure to rabies than those without immunization history (OR=2.55).

Objective To understand the life tables and cause eliminated life tables of main death causes in the population of Guangzhou in 2012. Methods Mortality data and demographical information in Yuexiu and Liwan Districts of Guangzhou during 2012 were collected from the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs). Causes of death were categorized using codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10). The life tables and cause eliminated life tables were calculated according to the method established by Jiang Qinglang. Results A total of 1 882 888 residents in Yuexiu and Liwan Districts were recruited in the present study, including 941 876 (50.02%) males and 941 012 (49.98%) females. 13 460 deaths were recorded during the study period, including 7 616 (56.6%) males and 5 844 (43.4%) females. The top eight causes of death in the total participants were malignant tumors (mortality was 20 394/100 000), cardiovascular diseases (16 549/100 000), respiratory diseases (14 722/100 000), cerebrovascular diseases (8 954/100 000), injuries and poisoning (2 299/100 000), gastrointestinal diseases (2 188/100 000), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (2 029/100 000),[JP] and infectious diseases (813/100 000). The life expectancy was 81.80 years in all recruited population, 79.24 years in males, and 84.49 years in females. The top eight leading causes of the life losses were malignant tumors (3.82 years), respiratory diseases (2.58 years), cardiovascular diseases (2.42 years), cerebrovascular diseases (1.17 years), injuries and poisoning (0.46 years), gastrointestinal diseases (0.32 years), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (0.25 years), and infectious diseases (0.22 years) in males and cardiovascular diseases (2.97 years), malignant tumors (2.63 years), respiratory diseases (2.05 years), cerebrovascular diseases (1.28 years), injuries and poisoning (0.40 years), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (0.33 years), gastrointestinal diseases (0.30 years), and infectious diseases (0.08 years) in females.Conclusion Life expectancy of residents in Guangzhou has a trend of increment. The life expectancy of females was higher than that of males. Chronic non-infectious diseases have become the main causes affecting people’s life expectancy.

Objective To evaluate the effective measures of MOH/GAVI project to improve the timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. Methods Baseline and assessment surveys were conducted before and after implementation of MOH/GAVI project respectively. Vaccination and management was investigated in county CDCs, medical and health institutions for delivery, and one of township hospitals from different three level towns. One village was chosen in each level town of all counties. Five children born in 2009 and five pregnant women were randomly chosen from the village to conduct the hepatitis B vaccination KAP questionnaire. The timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in 2011 were conducted in the assessment survey by randomly sampling in one medical and health institution for delivery and one township hospital. Five children born at home and hospital respectively were investigated for the status of timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccination and their mothers or guardians were surveyed by KAP questionnaires. The information above and conventional hepatitis B vaccination reports and other information were used to analyze the implementation and its influencing factors. Results The reported timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination has been significantly improved from 54.93% in 2009 to 92.05% in 2011 after implementation of MOH/GAVI project for one year. The birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination reached the goal of more than 75% in counties. Awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination for pregnant women and hospitalized delivery rate of pregnant women in rural area have increased from 30.4%（437/1 439） to 69.9%（202/289）and from 79.8%（41 231/51 668）to 89.9%（44 494/ 49 488）(all P< 0.01). The rate of pregnant women production in hospital was 99.2%（247/249）, higher than that in self-house (84.8%, 39/46) (P<0.01). Conclusion Large progress has been made after the implementation of project for improving timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in Qiandongnan, Guizhou. It is still the focus of future work to improve the rate of hospital birth and timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination for children delivered at home.

Objective To understand the effect of establishing demonstration community of national campaign on healthy lifestyle for all on the knowledge related to lifestyles among community residents in Nanshan District, Shenzhen. Methods A three-month national demonstration community activity was carried out during May to July in 2012. The content of the activity included organizational management, environmental construction, and effect assessment. Simple random sampling method was used to choose residents aged 8 years and over to conduct face to face on-site questionnaires about health knowledge condition before and after the national demonstration community activity. The questionnaire had 10 questions related to healthy lifestyle, oil and salt restriction, reasonable exercise, and healthy body weight. Results Valid questionnaires were obtained from 1 534 participants (729 males and 805 females, averagely aged 40 years) and 1 272 (619 males and 653 females, averagely aged 43 years) before and after the national demonstration community activity, respectively. The gender and age of the two groups were comparable (P＞0.05). After the activity, the awareness rate of healthy lifestyle among the residents raised from 41.17% (6 316/15 340) to 57.94% (7 370/12 720)( P<0.01). The total awareness rates of female and male (60.17% and 55.59%, respectively) after the activity were both significantly higher than those (42.12%, 40.12%) before the activity. The total awareness rates among residents at age groups of 0-18,19-59, and 60 years and over after the activity were 55.00%, 57.15%, and 68.70%, respectively, higher than those at the same age groups before the activity (19.00%, 42.45%, and 36.74%) (all P<0.01 ). Conclusion The rate of awareness related to healthy lifestyles among community residents has been raised greatly after establishing the demonstration community of national campaign on healthy lifestyle for all. Publicity and education on health knowledge should be strengthen for residents aged 18 years and younger.

Objective To research the regulation function of EBV-miRNA-BHRF1-1 on p53 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and to explore its application value in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Plasmid expressing EBV-miRNA-BHRF1-1 and empty plasmid vector were used to transfect into nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells as BHRF1-1 group and empty plasmid group, and set the CNE-2 cells join in PBS as PBS group(control group). Then, p53gene mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR method and p53 protein expression level, by Western method, and the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was examined by CCK8 colorimetric method. Results BHRF1-1 expression in BHRF1-1 group was (0.98±0.05), higher than that in empty plasmid group (0.66±0.10) and PBS group (0.65±0.12) (both P<0.01). The expression of p53 mRNA in cells in BHRF1-1 group, empty plasmid group, and PBS group were （0.65±0.07）,（0.98±0.06）, and（0.99±0.03）, respectively. The p53mRNA and p53 Protein expression level in BHRF1-1 group were lower than the other two groups (both P<0.01). The cellular proliferation inhibition rate in BHRF1-1 group was 14.9%, higher than that in empty plasmid group (11.2%) and PBS group (2.5%) (both P<0.01). Conclusion EBV-miRNA-BHRF1-1 can effectively control the mRNA level and protein translation level of p53 gene and may have some inhibition effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation.