Abstract: Objective To explore the association between residential environment and two-week prevalence rate of urban residents, so as to provide basis for improving the health status of residents. Method sPermanent residents living in Kunming were selected by using stratified cluster sampling method for questionnaire survey. The survey contents included the residential environment and illness in the past two weeks. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of residential environment factors on two-week prevalence. Results A total of 2 194 residents in Kunming were investigated in 2016, with an average age of （41.3 ± 20.3） years. Of the participants, 48.36% were males and 51.64% were females; 1 666 （75.93%） aged 15 to 64 years and 265 （12.08%） aged ≥65 years; 1 096 （49.95%） had education level at the junior middle school or below, 1 134 （51.69%） had the average annual income of 10 000 to 59 999 Yuan, and 1 762 （80.31%） were non-smokers. The total two-week prevalence rate was 128.53‰, the two-week prevalence rate of cardiovascular system was highest （67.00 ‰, 147 / 2 194）, and the two-week prevalence rate of hypertension was highest by classification of diseases （60.16 ‰, 132 / 2 194）. The unconditional logistic regression analysis showed residents with per capita living space ≥ 20 m² （OR=0.630） and opening windows frequently for ventilation （OR=0.346） had lower risk of two-week prevalence, while those with traffic artery within the range of 50 meters of their houses （OR=1.552）, applying chemicals related to air pollution （OR=1.922） ,and with a history of chronic disease had higher risk for developing disease within two weeks after adjusting gender, age and chronic disease. Conclusion sResidential environment was associated with the two-week prevalence rate. Measures should be taken to improve the living environment for the health of residents.

Key words: Resident, Residential environment, Two-week prevalence rate, Influencing factor