Abstract: Objective To study the awareness of mpox and analyze the related factors among Chinese people at present, to provide the scientific basis for targeted publicity and education. Methods The questionnaire was designed using a brainstorming and consulting literature method, and the participants were recruited through an electronic questionnaire published on the Internet, which included general demographic characteristics, concerns about the mpox epidemics, and knowledge about mpox. Results In this study, a total of 10 556 subjects were recruited nationwide and the overall awareness rate of mpox was 81.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people aged 20-<35 years （OR=1.33） and 35-<50 years （OR=1.38）, married （OR=1.39）, divorced or widowed （OR=1.79）, students （OR=2.55）, cadres/enterprise/public institution personnel （OR=2.05）, workers （OR=2.01）, self-employed households （OR=2.40）, had monthly income/living expenses of 2 500-<5 000 yuan （OR=1.72）, 5 000-<10 000 yuan （OR=1.63）, and more than 10 000 yuan （OR=1.33）, with a master's degree or above （OR=1.50）, homosexual （OR=1.36） had a higher awareness rate of mpox; people with uncertain sexual orientation （OR=0.40）, uncertain attitude （OR=0.64） and no confidence （OR=0.49） towards the prevention and control of mpox, and did not actively learn about mpox （OR=0.22） had a low awareness rate of mpox. In addition, 60.4% would like to learn about mpox through professional news media and 53.7% through social media. Conclusion The general public knowledge of mpox is good, but at this stage, it is still necessary to adopt multiple measures to formulate individualized population-popularization and education strategies, to improve public awareness of mpox prevention and control.

Key words: Mpox, Knowledge, Awareness rate, Influencing factor