Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia （BPD） in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome in Panzhihua-Xichang area, and to observe the brain function, respiratory diseases and pulmonary function of the children one year after discharge. Methods Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome in Panzhihua-Xichang area hospitalized in Panzhihua Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were selected. The risk factors of BPD were analyzed. The brain function of the children was evaluated by amplitude integrated electroencephalogram （aEEG）. One year after discharge, the incidence of respiratory diseases and pulmonary function were followed up. Results Three hundred and twenty cases of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome had 81 cases of BPD, the incidence rate was 25.31%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age<28 weeks （OR=3.443）, birth weight<1 500 g （OR=10.374）, 5 min Apgar score<7 points （OR=8.888）, mechanical ventilation time>7 days （OR=9.760）, oxygen concentration ≥ 40% （OR=7.354）, neonatal infection （OR=12.872） and prenatal infection （OR=6.155） were the risk factors of BPD in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The background activity and sleep wake cycling （SWC） of children in BPD group were worse than those in non-BPD group （both P<0.01）. One year after discharge, the number of respiratory tract infections, wheezing and readmission in BPD group were more than those in non-BPD group （all P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in pulmonary function index between the two groups （all P>0.05）. Conclusion Gestational age<28 weeks, birth weight<1 500 g, 5 min Apgar score<7 points, mechanical ventilation time>7 days, oxygen concentration≥40%, neonatal infection and prenatal infection are the risk factors of BPD in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome in Panzhihua-Xichang area. BPD will have a certain impact on the development of children‘s brain function, and will lead to respiratory tract infection and wheezing symptoms within 1 year old. The impact on children’s pulmonary function needs further long-term observation.

Key words: Respiratory distress syndrome, Premature infant, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Risk factor