ObjectiveTo prepare a safe and stable positive control for real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) detection of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus.MethodsThe nucleic acid sequence containing a rRT-PCR amplification target of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus was synthesized and inserted into a lentiviral vector, the recombinant lentiviral vector and the lentivirus-packaging vector were co-transfected into 293T cells. After 48 h of transfection, the rRT-PCR assay was used for detection of the pseudoviral particles packaging and production. Then the pseudoviral particles were collected and treated with nucleic acid protective agent to prepare a positive control, and then the determination of stability was conducted.ResultsAfter the recombinant lentiviral vector and lentivirus-packaging vector were co-transfected into 293T cells, the supernatant was harvested and detected by rRT-PCR. Ten-fold serial dilutions from 10-1 to 10-4 of supernatant were detected, the result showed that the Ct value ranged from 13 to 33, indicating that the concentration of pseudoviral particles in the supernatant was high. The 1 000-fold diluted supernatant was used for preparing a positive control. The stability test was conducted after the positive control was placed in the incubator at 37 ℃ for 0, 3, 7, 15, 21, and 30 days. Ct value of the rRT-PCR detection was 25 to 28 approximately, demonstrating that the positive control possessed high heat stability.ConclusionThe pseudoviral particles produced by using lentiviral packaging technology in this study can be used for an ideal positive control for rRT-PCR detection of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus.

ObjectiveTo explore effects of perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the potential mechanism of mitochondrial damage.MethodsA model based on human HepG2 cells exposed to various concentrations of PFOS for 48 hours was utilized to examine the effects of PFOS on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell proliferation was measured with CCK-8 cell counting kit. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by using JC-1 assay kit. The morphological changes of the nucleus were observed with fluorescent inverted microscope after staining the cells with Hoechst 33258. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were evaluated with flow cytometry (FCM). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of apoptosis related factors including Cytochrome C, Caspase-3, AIF, and Bax. ResultsPFOS could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells evidently. According to FCM analysis, the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells increased with increasing the doses of PFOS. The dissipation of MMP was observed after exposure to PFOS. The mRNA expressions of Cytochrome C, Caspase-3, AIF, and Bax were up-regulated. ConclusionPFOS could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells. The mechanism might be associated with changing of the mRNA expressions including Cytochrome C, Caspase 3, AIF, and Bax.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of compound preparation of anti-depression plant extract on monoamine neurotransmitter of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats.MethodsCUMS combined with solitary feeding were applied to induce the depression. Three weeks later, the model rats were treated with compound preparation of anti-depression plant extract (144, 288, 576 mg/kg) and imipramine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg) for 8 weeks respectively. Meanwhile, a normal control group was set and fed regularly. During the experiment, the sugar consumption test was conducted regularly. After the treatment, the rats were anesthetized to collect the blood from the abdominal aorta and then sacrificed to dissect and isolate the brain tissues. The contents of NE, DA, 5-HIAA, and 5-HT in brain and plasma were detected by HPLC-FLD. ResultsAfter 3 weeks of modeling, the sugar consumption of model group decreased significantly compared with the normal control group (P＜0.05); after 8 weeks of administration, the consumption of sugar water of model control group was less than that of the other groups (P＜0.05); the levels of monoamine neurotransmitter in brain and plasma of model control group were lower than those of the normal control group and some of the other model groups (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe compound preparation of anti-depression plant extract may improve the depressive behavior of CUMS model rats by increasing the levels of monoamine neurotransmitter.

ObjectiveTo explore and evaluate effects of comprehensive intervention on KAP regarding H7N9 avian influenza in poultry practitioners.MethodsPoultry practitioners were selected by cluster random sampling method in Sanshui District, Foshan City, intervened using comprehensive measures, and surveyed before and after the intervention. Survey contents included knowledge, risk perception attitudes, and personal protective behavior regarding H7N9 avian influenza. ResultsThe average scores of knowledge, risk perception attitudes, and personal protective behavior held by the subjects regarding H7N9 avian influenza were 7.05 and 11.28 before and after the intervention (P<0.01). After intervention the awareness rates of knowledge regarding H7N9 avian influenza in poultry practitioners were improved in different degrees (all P<0.01), of which the awareness rate of knowing that "Different batches of poultry should be kept separately" increased the greatest by 50.67%. The proportions of correct attitude to risk perception regarding H7N9 avian influenza held by poultry practitioners increased in different degrees after the intervention (all P<0.01), of which the rate of cognitive attitude to that "The ventilation equipment should be installed in the stalls" increased the greatest by 53.88%. After the intervention their correct personal protective behaviors had different degrees of improvement (all P<0.01), of which the behavior to "wear gloves when working" increased the greatest by 19.67%. ConclusionComprehensive interventions had significant effect on improving rates of knowledge and awareness, right attitude, and personal protective behavior held by the poultry practitioners regarding H7N9 avian influenza.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of occupational exposure to HIV in Zhuhai and explore the preventive measures. MethodsAll the cases of occupational exposure to HIV reported from 2003 to 2014 in Zhuhai City were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. ResultsOne hundred and one cases were reported, including 49 males and 52 females. The male to female sex ratio was 0.94∶1. The median age was 29 years. Of all the cases, 67 cases (66.3%) were health care workers and 26 (25.7%), the police officers; the occupational exposure time occurred mainly from 8∶00 to 11∶59 am and from 14∶00 to 15∶59 (57 cases, 56.4%); the main exposure ways were needle sticking and sharp injuries (61cases, 60.4%); 50.5% of exposures were classified as Level 1; after exposure, 64.4% of cases had correct emergency treatments, 70.3% took medicine for prophylaxis, and no HIV positive cases were found after 6 months. The proportion of the health care workers (68.7%) who received the HIV/AIDS safety operation training was higher than that of the police officers (26.9%) or that of the others (25.0%); the proportion of correct emergency treatment in the exposure regions for the health care workers (73.1%) was also higher than that of the police officers (38.5%) (all P<0.01). ConclusionThe health care workers and police officers are the main occupational groups exposed to HIV in Zhuhai City. The training in occupational exposure protection and the post-exposure emergency treatment, as well as personal protective awareness, should be strengthened.

ObjectiveTo investigate the source and level of pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 in winter of Tianjin, and assess the health risk to urban and rural population. MethodsFrom December 2014 to February 2015, ambient PM2.5 samples were collected in Tianjin urban, suburb, and rural areas, separately. Concentrations of PM2.5 and 16 kinds of PAHs were detected by weighing method and gas chromatography mass spectrometry separately. Distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs were analyzed using ratio method. The health risk to population was evaluated by the model recommended by EPA, and further compared among different groups of population. ResultsA total of 117 samples were collected from urban, suburban, and rural areas (39 samples for each area) in winter of Tianjin. The concentrations of PM2.5 were (78.83±56.56) μg/m3, (117.42±91.43) μg/m3 , and (193.94±148.66) μg/m3 in urban, suburban, and rural areas, respectively (P＜0.01). The concentrations of PM2.5 in rural areas were higher than those in urban and suburban (both P＜0.01). There were 13 kinds of PAHs were detected in 16 species. There were statistically significant differences in the mass concentrations of 13 kinds of PAHs in the three areas (P＜0.01). The contents of 13 kinds of PAHs in rural areas were significantly higher than those in urban and suburban (both P＜0.01). It was found that coal combustion and petrol combustion were major sources of PAHs in the three areas in winter. The pollution sources of biomass burning were also found in suburban and rural areas in winter. The range of equivalent concentrations and total toxicity equivalent concentrations of PAHs in PM2.5 were 0.000-93.100ng/m3 and 7.624-143.569 ng/m3, respectively. Carcinogenic risks of atmospheric PM2.5 pollution induced by PAHs to adults and children were low in the urban, suburban, and rural areas. The carcinogenic risk was higher in rural area than that in urban and suburb. The carcinogenic risk to the adults was higher than that to the children in rural area (36.11×10-6 and 16.23×10-6, respectively). ConclusionThe main sources of PAHs pollution in PM2.5 were coal combustion and gasoline emission in winter in rural area of Tianjin. The carcinogenic risk of PAHs to population did not exist, but BaP could be health risk to rural population.

ObjectiveTo explore passive smoking at home and its determinants among pregnant women in Shenzhen City. MethodsFace to face interviews were carried out among pregnant women from 4 hospitals in Shenzhen City from October 2014 to May 2015. Pregnant women were selected by convenient sampling method. They were inquired about their social demographic data, smoking behaviors, prohibiting smoking at home, and smoking behaviors of husbands (or partners) and other family members using a self-report structured questionnaire.ResultsA total of 1 139 pregnant women completed the survey, with a response rate of 95.63%. Their average age was （27.15±3.83）years (range: 17-47 years). Of all the responders, 43.02% had a college education or higher, 42.05% reported having household income between 6 000 - 9 999 Yuan monthly, 46.80% were primigravidae, and 2.63% reported they had been smokers. Of the 1 139 pregnant women, 594 (52.15%) were exposure to passive smoking. The binary logistic regression analysis indicated that with the increase of age (OR=0.96), higher education level (OR=0.81), prohibiting smoking at home（OR=0.50）, the prevalence of passive smoking during pregnancy at home decreased. Abortion history (OR=1.43) and smoking history (OR=7.16) of pregnant women were associated with higher passive smoking rate at home. ConclusionThe prevalence of passive smoking among pregnant women at home in Shenzhen is much higher and influenced by age, education, abortion history, smoking history, and prohibiting smoking at home.

ObjectiveTo analyze the infection status of key human parasites in Guangdong Province. MethodsIn accordance with the Survey Program of Infection Status of Key Human Parasitic Diseases issued by the Department of Health of Guangdong Province, 70 survey sites in 14 counties/cities/districts were sampled in Guangdong Province based on different geographic and economic situations, to investigate the human soil-borne nematodes and Clonorchis sinensis in 2010. Modified Kato-Katz thick smear method was used to detect intestinal worm eggs quantitatively and qualitatively. Children were examined by cellophane anal swab method. ResultsA total of 14 633 persons were examined by Modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and the total infection rate of the four species of parasites was 10.27%. The infection rates of ascaris, hookworm, trichuris and Clonorchis sinensis were 0.44%, 3.11%, 0.86%, and 6.19%, respectively. A total of 15 176 children aged 14 years and below were examined using the cellophane anal swab method. Of them, 3 048 cases (20.08%) were found to be infected with pinworm. The differences of positive rates of the 5 parasites among different geographical regions were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The positive rates of ascaris, trichuris, Clonorchis sinensis and pinworm among the regions in different economic levels, the positive rates of hookworm and Clonorchis sinensis among the populations with different ages, sexes and occupations, and the pinworm positive rates among different age groups, were all statistical difference (P<0.05 or P<0.01). ConclusionIn Guangdong Province, the infection rates of Clonorchis sinensis and hookworm in the population and that of pinworm in the children were still at relatively high level, but the crude infection rates of ascaris and trichuris were low. The characteristics of parasitic infections were significantly different among the different groups. The control measures should be made out for the high risk group of population according to different species of parasites.