Objective To investigate the correlation between dietary red meat intake and coronary heart disease （CHD） in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）.Methods Patients of T2DM complicated with CHD in Nanshan District, Shenzhen were randomly selected as the case group and patients of T2DM without CHD as the control group. Two groups were matched by age （ ± 2 years） at a 1∶1 ratio. Self-made questionnaire and simplified food frequency questionnaire were used to investigate all the subjects. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary red meat consumption and T2DM complicated with CHD.Results A total of 120 patients in the case group and 120 in the control group were investigated. The median of red meat intakes was 50.00（21.43,100.00） g per day in the case group and 42.86（21.43,50.00） g per day in the control group （P<0.05）.Conditional logistic regression showed that the OR of T2DM combined with CHD increased with the increase of dietary red meat intake（P_trend<0.05）.After adjusting for confounding variables, the risks of CHD in T2DM patients with red meat intake of 25-50 g per day and >50 g per day were 2.01 times （95%CI： 0.77-5.22） and 6.76 times （95%CI： 1.55-29.50） that of the patients with red meat intake < 25 g per day, respectively.Conclusion Dietary red meat intake of greater than 50 g per day may be a risk factor for CHD in T2DM patients.

Objective To estimate the epidemiological burden of norovirus （NoVs） acute gastroenteritis in Guangdong Province, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating or adjusting epidemic prevention and control strategies.Methods Using data from infectious diarrheal disease surveillance, diarrhea related surveillance, and investigation results in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2017, the epidemiological burden of NoVs acute gastroenteritis was assessed by morbidity, disability adjusted life years （ DALYs）, and the ratio of the number of cases reported by the internet to the number of actual incidence cases.Results The total number of cases of NoVs infectious gastroenteritis was 3.1027 million persons/year （2.535 9-4.037 6 million persons/year） in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2017. The annual average number of medical visits was estimated to be 1.278 3 million persons/year （1.044 8-1.663 5 million persons/year）. The annual average number of inpatients was estimated to be 383 persons/year （313-499 persons/year）. The ratio of the number of cases reported by the internet to the number of actual incidence cases was 1∶1 203 （1∶860-1∶1 771）. The average total annual burden was 19 200.55 DALYs（16 919.20-25 001.83 DALYs）, and the per capita burden was 0.18 DALYs/thousand person-years （0.15-0.23 DALYs/thousand person-years）.Conclusion The burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by NoVs was high in Guangdong Province. It is necessary to strengthen the management of prevention and control, as well as the publicity and education.

Objective To analyze the occurrence and related factors of adverse delivery outcomes of second-born pregnant women in Kaifeng City, and provide a basis for formulating intervention measures to avoid adverse maternal and infant outcomes.Methods A second-born pregnant woman who had established a fertility file and gave birth in the obstetrics department of a hospital in Kaifeng from January 2017 to December 2019 was selected as the research object. The basic conditions and complications of pregnancy were collected, and the relevant data of delivery were matched. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze, and univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the factors affecting the adverse delivery outcomes.Results A total of 2 208 second-born pregnant women who met the research conditions and matched the obstetric data were included in the study, aged 23-43 years old, with an average age of （30.93 ± 5.71） years. The pre-pregnancy BMI of 18.5~23.9 kg/m² accounted for 66.17%. Secondary specialized school or high school was the main educational level （39.67%）. The annual household income was mainly 50,000 to 90,000 yuan （50.68%）. 1 689 had a normal delivery outcome, and 519 had an adverse delivery outcome, with an incidence rate of 23.51%. Among them,21 cases were stillbirths （4.05%）, 183 cases （35.26%） were born prematurely, 81 cases （15.61%） were giant infants, 87 cases （16.76%） were low birth weight infants, 57 cases （10.98%） were neonatal asphyxia,66 cases （12.72%） were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and 24 cases （4.62%） were neonatal deformity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ages were 35-38, 39-43 years （OR=5.083, 10.433）, pre-pregnancy BMI≥24.0 （OR=3.375）, abortion frequency ≥ 3 tines（OR=3.725）, gestational hypertension （ OR=2.452）, gestational diabetes （OR=4.191）, fetal distress （OR=2.040）, and premature rupture of membranes （OR=7.338） were risk factors for adverse delivery outcomes in second-born pregnant women.Conclusion The incidence of adverse delivery outcomes among second-born pregnant women in Kaifeng is relatively high, and premature delivery is the main adverse outcome. There are many factors influencing adverse delivery outcomes. It is recommended to strengthen health education for second-born mothers during pregnancy, develop adaptive birth plans for advanced age parturient women and second-born pregnant women with complications, screen for high-risk pregnancy factors and clinical intervention management, reduce adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes, and ensure maternal and infant safety.

Objective To explore the blood biochemical indexes, diet and behavior characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）, with a view to providinge vidence for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.Methods Patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD （NAFLD group） and alcoholic liver disease （ALD） （ALD group） in a hospital in Hai'an City from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects, and the number of NAFLD cases that met the research conditions during the same period was selected a 1∶1 recruitment of the same sex, aged ± 0.5 years old in the same hospital as the control group.Questionnaire survey, physical examination and blood biochemical index detection were carried out among the three groups, and the results were compared.Results A total of 115 NAFLD cases, 98 ALD cases and 100 healthy persons were included in the study, aged 25-73 years old. There wereno statistically significant differences in age, gender, marital status, occupation, education level, and monthly per capita income in family between the three groups （all P>0.05）. The differences in BMI, DBP, SBP, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBG, Scr, SUA, ALT, AST among the three groups were statistically significant （all P<0.01）, all indexes except HDL-C in the NAFLD group and the ALD group were higher than the control group （all P<0.05）, and all indexes except HDL-C in the ALD group were higher than the NAFLD group （all P<0.05）. Smoking, exercise habits, sleep and eating habits were significantly different among the three groups（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The NAFLD group and ALD group had higher proportion of smoking and greasy diet, and lower proportion of adequate sleep and exercise.Conclusion The levels of blood pressure, blood lipid and blood glucose in patients with NAFLD are higher, and there are unreasonable eating habits and exercise behaviors.People can start from changing the unhealthy diet and behavior habits to reduce the risk of NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the occurrence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy （DR） in patients with type 2 diabetes （T2DM）.Methods A T2DM patient who was treated for the first time in an outpatient clinic of a hospital in Nanjing from June 2017 to May 2019 was selected as the research object to conduct investigation of basic information and disease information, physical examination, laboratory index testing and DR examination.Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the DR in T2DM patients, and the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods.Results A total of 1 248 T2DM patients were analyzed. Males accounted for 45.99% and females accounted for 54.01%. 348 cases of DR were detected, with a detection rate of 27.88%, mostly moderate （201 cases, 57.75%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that T2DM patients with the older the age （OR_50~59=2.259, OR_60~69=2.321, OR_70~79=5.388）, the course of T2DM ≥5 years （OR=6.372）, the use of insulin therapy （OR=2.753）, HbA1c abnormality（OR=4.658）, hypertension （OR=4.565）, urinemicroalbumin （OR=3.034）, and LDL-C abnormality（OR=3.554） had a higher risk of DR.Conclusion The incidence rate of DR in T2DM patients is relatively high, and associated with age, course of disease, insulin therapy, HbA1c abnormality, hypertension and other factors. Monitoring of T2DM patients with risk factors and active targeted intervention measures can reduce the risk of DR and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To investigate the status of Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection in the physical examination population, clarify its influencing factors, provide reference information for clinical prevention, treatment of Hp infection.Methods A simple random sampling method was used to sample the physical examination population in the medical examination center of a hospital in Beijing from June2018to May2019. Questionnaire survey, urea [, blood biochemical index detection were conducted among the selected population. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the Hp infection in this population, the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate, multivariate analysis.Results A total of1,058physical examination populations were surveyed. The male-to-female ratio in the survey population was1∶0.9. The age group was mainly30-59years old, accounting for45.94%, the education level was mainly high school/ secondary specialized school, accounting for38.00%. Among them, 338cases of Hp positive were detected, the positive rate was31.95%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the older the age （OR=3.097）, Hcy abnormality （OR=3.662）, the drinking habit （OR=4.484）, the greater the risk of Hp positive;and the higher the level of Hp knowledge （OR=0.163）, the lower the risk of Hp positive.Conclusion The Hp infection rate in the physical examination population is relatively high. Age, drinking, lack of knowledge about Hp, Hcy abnormality, etc. are related to Hp infection. Corresponding protective measures should be formulated according to the characteristics of human infection to reduce the risk of Hp infection

Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders in medical staff， and provide a basis for formulating intervention measures.Methods A questionnaire survey on the prevalence and related factors of musculoskeletal disorders was conducted with the medical staff in a hospital in Changsha who worked in the unit for more than 1 year. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze， and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders among medical staff.Results A total of 802 medical staff in the hospital were investigated. The sex ratio between men and women was 0.8∶1， and the age was 18 to 65 years old. The population was mainly 18 to 29 years old， accounting for 56.61%， and the nursing department accounted for 58.10%. Among the 802 medical staff， 260 （32.42%） suffered from musculoskeletal disorders， and 202 cases （77.69%） were able to relieve themselves. Multivariate analysis showed that the medical staff who was female （OR＝1.376）， working in nursing and medical assistance departments （OR＝3.216， 3.149）， had older age （OR＝3.435）， longer working years （OR＝2.759）， anxiety symptoms （OR＝3.177）， cramped workspace （OR＝2.563）， moving heavy objects≥5 times per day （OR＝3.501） had a higher risk of musculoskeletal disorders； exercise 1-3 times and ≥4 times per week （OR＝0.358， 0.150） had a lower risk of musculoskeletal disorders.Conclusion The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in medical staff is relatively high， and there are many influencing factors. The relevant medical departments should take corresponding intervention measures for the medical staff to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Objective To assess the exposure levels of di-（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate （DEHP） and its correlation with lifestyle in college students in Guangzhou.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to recruit college students from East and North campuses of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou. The participant was asked to provide a morning urine sample and complete a questionnaire on general demographic information, dietary habits and use of personal care products. The concentration of mono （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （MEHP）, a primary metabolite of DEHP in urine samples was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The correlation between MEHP concentration levels and influencing factors were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.Results A total of 123 valid questionnaires matched with urine samples were collected. Of the participants, 44.7% were male and 61.0% were majored in medicine-related specialties. The detection rate of MEHP in urine samples was 90.2%, with a median of 0.49 μg/ml. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the college students who used take-out lunch boxes more than once a week （OR = 2.910） were more likely to have higher MEHP concentrations in the morning urine, while those who used shower gel ≥7 times a week （OR = 0.445） or touched plush toys （OR = 0.282） were less likely to have higher MEHP concentrations in the morning urine.Conclusion The detection rate of MEHP in urine of college students in Guangzhou was high, indicating that the risk of DEHP exposure in this population was higher, and related to personal lifestyle and the use of related plastic products. College students should be encouraged to form a healthy lifestyle, and try to reducing the level of DEHP exposure in the body.

Objective To investigate the status of blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and its related factors， so as to provide scientific basis for adjusting the management of diabetic patients.Methods All T2DM patients registered in a hospital of Ya'an City were investigated， including basic information （gender， age， course of disease， education level， etc.）， compliance with hypoglycemic drugs， exercise， blood glucose monitoring， diet control， complications of diabetes， etc.， and morning venous blood was collected for detection of HbA1c. The results were analyzed by descriptive analysis， and the influencing factors of blood glucose control were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results A total of 1 073 T2DM patients aged 38-86 years were investigated， with an average age of （62.53 ± 7.36） years， and more males （711 cases， 66.26%）. The education level was mainly in junior high school and senior high school / secondary specialized school， accounting for 58.06%. The main course of diabetes was＜5 years， accounting for 46.69%. Among them， 250 cases reached the standard of blood glucose control， with a rate of 23.30%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the older the age （OR＝2.776）， the better the compliance of hypoglycemic drugs （OR＝3.225）， the better the exercise habits （OR＝2.213）， the frequency of blood glucose monitoring≥10 times per month （OR＝2.442）， and the more strict the diet （OR＝4.200）， the more likely the T2DM patients to reached the standard of blood glucose control.The more complications （OR＝0.287） and the longer the course of disease （OR＝0.325），the lower the possibility to reached the standard of blood glucose control.Conclusion The blood glucose control level of T2DM patients in this hospital is not ideal， and there are many factors affecting the blood glucose control level of patients with diabetes in this area. The relevant departments should adjust the policies according to the characteristics of the population to ensure the blood glucose control of patients and avoid the complications.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of reproductive tract infection （RTI） among elderly women in urban communities, and to analyze the related factors influencing their healthcare-seeking behaviors.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select elderly women in Nanjing for RTI and related factors questionnaire surveys and routine gynecological examinations. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the status of RTI and healthcare-seeking behaviors. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of healthcare-seeking behavior.Results A total of 3 270 Nanjing community women ≥60 years old were surveyed, aged 60-88 years old, with an average age of （68.78 ± 5.24） years. The education level was mainly junior high school, high school/secondary specialized school （2 092, accounting for 64.0%）. Among them, 1 897 cases had at least one symptom related to RTI who in the past 3 months, the incidence rate was 58.01%; 916 cases were diagnosed as RTI, the prevalence rate was 28.01%, and the rate of healthcare-seeking was 59.93% （549/916）. Multivariate analysis showed that the elderly women with RTI were married （OR=1.253）, had more than 2 children （OR=2.765）, college education or above （OR=3.056）, annual family income ≥50 000 yuan （OR=2.428）, a history of RTI （OR=2.522）, medical insurance （OR=4.609）, and a higher score of knowledge of RTI （OR=4.477）, had higher possibility of healthcare-seeking.Conclusion RTI has a high incidence rate among elderly women in urban communities, and the rate of healthcare-seeking is low. Their healthcare-seeking behaviors are mainly affected by factors such as education level, economic status, and knowledge of RTI.

Objective To analyze the human resource allocation for responding to the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen disease prevention and control system.Methods The personnel information of centers for disease control and prevention （CDCs） at municipal and district levels was collected, and the quantity and quality of emergency prevention and control related personnel were statistically described and analyzed.Results There were 855 permanent staff in CDPCs at the municipal and district levels. The actual numbers of employees were 1 408, including 937 （66.5%） staff who participated in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. After the outbreak, the proportion of public health professionals for emergency response increased significantly （from 40.9% to 48.8%）. The permanent staff ratio and the quality of personnel involved in the COVID-19 prevention and control of the municipal CDCs were higher than those of the district CDCs.Conclusion The proportion of human resources input in public health emergency in Shenzhen CDC system is not less than 66.5%. There are certain differences in the composition of personnel for emergency prevention and control between the municipal and district CDCs. It is suggested to establish and improve the allocation mechanism of public health emergency human resources, expand professional and technical personnel, and finally form a long-term development of human resource mechanism for Shenzhen disease prevention and control system.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and CT image changes of COVID-19 cases, so as to provide reference for local prevention and treatment.Methods Medical records and CT imaging data of all confirmed COVID-19 cases were collected from People's Hospitals of Shangcheng and Luoshan counties during January 23 to February 23, 2020. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results Fifty COVID-19 cases were diagnosed. The male to female sex ratio was 1.38∶1. The average age was 50.92 ± 14.63 years. Of the cases, 31 （62%） were aged 45-64 years, 39 （78%） had epidemiological exposure history, 11 （22%） had no definite history of epidemiological exposure. Six family-clustered outbreaks occurred, involving 13 patients. The incubation period was 1-23 days, with an average of 5.95 ± 4.24 days. The main symptoms of the cases were fever （84%） and cough （72%）. On admission, 43 cases （86%） had normal white blood cell （WBC） count or decreased absolute lymphocyte count, 40 cases （80%） had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） and 26 cases （52%） had elevated C-reactive protein （CRP）; 15 cases （30%） were complicated with primary underlying diseases. Forty patients （80%） were administered with two or more antiviral drugs. Two weeks after admission, 40 cases （80%） showed that the lesion area was gradually reduced on CT images.Conclusion Most patients have a clear history of epidemiological exposure, family-clustered outbreaks occurred, and the main clinical symptoms are fever and cough. Normal or decreased WBCs and elevated ESR are more common, which has reference value for clinical diagnosis. CT shows that the lesion area is enlarged first and then gradually absorbed. Active antiviral and symptomatic treatment can improve the symptoms.