Objective Taking preschool children as the research object to explore the association between parental type D personality （TDP） and preschool children's behavior problems, as well as the mediating role of maternal participation in gravida school during pregnancy on it, to provide an angle of view for the research on preschool children's behavior problems. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the children newly enrolled in small classes of kindergartens in Longhua District, Shenzhen in September 2017. The general situation questionnaire, Conners children's behavior questionnaire （for parents） and TDP Scale （DS14） were used to collect the data of children's general situation, children's behavior problems and parental TDP characteristics. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between parental TDP and children's behavior problems, and to evaluate the mediating role of maternal participation in gravida school during pregnancy on it. Results A total of 17 245 questionnaires were distributed and 15 022 valid questionnaires were included, including 8 062 boys and 6 960 girls, with an average age of （3.54 ± 0.35） years. There were significant differences in the influence of gender, parental educational background, family monthly income and parental marital status on preschool children's behavior problems （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that, parental TDP was positively correlated with preschool children's behavior problems, and maternal participation in gravida school during pregnancy could improve the influence of parental TDP on preschool children's behavior problems such as learning problems, impulsive-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index. Conclusion Maternal participation in gravida school education during pregnancy can improve the influence of parental TDP on preschool children's behavior problems such as learning problems, impulsive hyperactivity and hyperactivity index.

Objective To investigate the dietary nutritional status of lactating mothers in the urban area of Lanzhou and its relationship with breast milk composition. Methods A total of 102 lactating mothers were recruited. Their basic information and dietary status were investigated by questionnaire. Dietary nutrient intake was calculated. Blood samples were collected to detect the levels of hemoglobin and trace elements. Breast milk was collected to analyze the relationship between body mass index, macronutrient intake and milk composition. Results The average energy intake of lactating mothers was 1507.5 （1 245.5, 1 954.5） kcal, and the intake of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients were insufficient. The energy supply ratios of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 13.72%, 25.67% and 60.90%, respectively. The contents of fat, total protein, carbohydrate, dry matter and energy in milk were （4.33±1.23） g/100 mL, （1.23±0.24） g/100 mL, （7.07±0.32） g/100 mL, （12.82±1.13） g/100 mL, （73.70±10.93） kcal/100 mL, respectively. The fat, dry matter and energy in milk of overweight and obese lactating mothers were higher than those in other groups（all P<0.05）. No correlation was found between milk components and dietary macronutrients （all P>0.05）. The average hemoglobin content of lactating mothers was （137.23±1.10） g/L. Anemia was detected in 7（7.53%） lactating mothers. The deficiency of trace elements in lactating mothers was mainly magnesium （24.73%） and iron （7.53%）. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the nutrition education in lactating mothers, encourage them to have a reasonable diet, regularly detect the hemoglobin concentration, and timely find out the health problems and improve them.

Objective To investigate the incidence of dental caries in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Mianyang, and to analyze the effect of dental caries on dento-maxillofacial deformities. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select children and adolescents aged 6-18 years from 12 primary and secondary schools in Mianyang. The incidence of dental caries and dento-maxillofacial deformities was examined, and the correlation between dental caries and dento-maxillofacial deformities was analyzed. Results A total of 3 005 children and adolescents were investigated, including 1 589 boys and 1 416 girls, with an average age of （12.06±5.99） years. The prevalence of dental caries was 51.31% （1 542/3 005）. There were significant differences in the prevalence rate of dental caries, mean caries, number of decayed, missing and filled teeth of deciduous teeth/number of decayed, missing and filled teeth of permanent teeth （dmft/DMFT） among different age groups （all P<0.01）, and the prevalence rate of dental caries, mean caries, dmft/DMFT and caries activity test （CAT） among 6-9 years old and 10-12 years old were higher. A total of 1 382 cases of dento-maxillofacial deformities were detected. Logistic regression analysis showed that bad oral habits （OR=2.151）, dental caries （OR=1.690） and more dmft/DMFT （OR=2.061） were correlated with the incidence of dento-maxillofacial deformities in children and adolescents. Conclusion 6-12 years old is the high incidence age of dental caries in children and adolescents in Mianyang. Dental caries and missing teeth due to caries are the risk factors of dento-maxillofacial deformities in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years.

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of pain management among medical staff in Xi'an, and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for continuous improvement of pain management among medical staff. Methods A self-designed questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and behavior of pain management was used to investigate the medical staff in 4 tertiary hospitals in Xi'an. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the knowledge, attitude and behavior of pain management among medical staff, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze its influencing factors. Results The scores of 1 018 medical staff on knowledge, attitude and behavior of pain management were 45.80%, 40.73% and 46.09%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that working age （β'=0.116）, professional title （β'=0.089）, work experience in pain department, oncology department and other related departments （β'=0.249）, and receiving education or training on pain knowledge （β'=0.357） were influencing factors of the score on knowledge of pain management among medical staff. Working age （β'=0.227）, work experience in pain department, oncology department and other related departments （β'=0.416）, receiving education or training on pain knowledge （β'=0.269）, and score of knowledge （β'=0.263） were influencing factors of the score on attitude of pain management among medical staff. Working age （β'=0.176）, work experience in pain department, oncology department and other related departments （β'=0.263）, receiving education or training on pain knowledge （β'=0.242）, score of knowledge （β'=0.203）, and score of attitude （β'=0.237） were influencing factors of the score on behavior of pain management among medical staff. Conclusion The knowledge, attitude and behavior of pain management among medical staff is at a low level, which needs to be further improved. Attention should be paid to the continuous education of pain management among medical staff.

Objective To investigate the general information, health promotion behavior in lifestyle and dietary habits among high-risk population of stroke in Wuhan community, so as to formulate relevant intervention measures and medical suggestions. Methods From June to December 2020, a community with a resident population ≥ 5 000 was randomly selected from 13 boroughs of Wuhan by cluster sampling method. The permanent residents aged ≥ 40 years in the community were screened for high-risk of stroke, and the health promotion behavior of the residents who were assessed as high-risk population of stroke were investigated by questionnaire. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the survey results. Results A total of 2 315 permanent residents aged ≥ 40 years in Wuhan community were screened for stroke, and 239 high-risk population were screened, accounting for 10.32%. There were 183 cases had ≥ 3 risk factors, and the screening ratios for 8 risk factors were as follows： 122 cases of lack of exercise （66.67%）, 118 cases with dyslipidemia （64.48%）, 106 cases with overweight or obesity （57.92%）, 103 cases with hypertension （56.28%）, 74 cases had family history of stroke （40.44%）, 66 cases had history of smoking （36.07%）, 34 cases with diabetes （18.58%）, 5 cases of atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease （2.73%）. The high-risk population meeting the history of previous transient ischemic attack （TIA）/stroke was 56 cases, including 49 cases of previous stroke （87.50%） and 7 cases of previous TIA （12.50%）. There were statistically significant differences in the health promoting lifestyle profile-Ⅱ （HPLP Ⅱ） scores among high-risk population of stroke in different age, marital status, occupation, economic status （monthly income） and medical insurance type （all P < 0.01）. The total score of HPLP Ⅱ was （116.01 ± 18.13）, the level of lifestyle and dietary habits were poor, and the score rate of each dimension from high to low was interpersonal relationship（64.42%）, nutrition（59.28%）, stress management（58.08%）, health responsibility（53.14%）, self-actualization（57.13%） and physical activity（47.70%）. Conclusion The life style and dietary habits of the high-risk population of stroke are not optimistic. Lack of exercise and high sugar and high fat diet are the main bad lifestyle and dietary habits. More effective intervention measures should be formulated according to the above factors to establish healthy lifestyle and dietary habits.

Objective To analyze the occurrence of postoperative venous thromboembolism and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for related prevention and treatment. Methods Taking patients after surgery in a hospital in Panzhihua from January 2019 to December 2020 as the research object, collecting the basic information and surgery-related data, and performing preoperative physiological and biochemical index tests. Venous thrombosis was detected once within 24, 48 and 72 hours after operation. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the results, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative venous thromboembolism. Results A total of 1 370 postoperative patients were studied. The incidence of venous thromboembolism was 7.4%。Among them, there were 85 cases of lower extremity venous thromboembolism （83.3%） and 17 cases of pulmonary embolism （16.7%）。Venous thromboembolism of lower extremity was common in the left lower extremity（69.4%）, with common symptoms of swelling, pain and varicose vein. The common symptoms of pulmonary embolism were dyspnea, shortness of breath and chest pain. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the older the age （OR=1.239）, the patients with underlying diseases （OR=1.351）, the open surgery （OR=2.268）, the operation time ≥60 min （OR=1.496）, the postoperative D-dimer level ≥500 μg/L （OR=2.869）, and postoperative bedridden time ≥24 h （OR=3.136） were risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients after surgery. The use of preventive anticoagulants （OR=0.710） was a protective factor for venous thromboembolism in patients after surgery. Conclusion The postoperative venous thromboembolism is mainly lower extremity venous thromboembolism, which is affected by many factors, such as age, operation method, operation time, postoperative D-dimer level, postoperative bedridden time, application of preventive anticoagulants and so on. Clinical attention should be paid to strengthen the intervention measures for high-risk patients to reduce the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of heart failure （HF） among people aged ≥ 50 years in Xi'an community, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of HF. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to select the people aged ≥ 50 years from 8 communities in Xi'an as the research object for questionnaire survey, physical examination, biochemical index detection and HF diagnosis. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the prevalence of HF, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of HF. Results The age of 3 615 subjects ranged from 50 to 92 years, with an average age of （62.3 ± 8.7） years. There were 1 334 patients with hypertension, accounting for 36.9%, 560 patients with diabetes, accounting for 15.5%, 436 patients with coronary heart disease, accounting for 12.1%, 985 patients with hyperlipidemia, accounting for 27.2%, and 763 patients with a family history of HF, accounting for 21.1%. There were 172 cases of HF, the prevalence rate was 4.76%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking （OR=3.804）, hypertension （OR=6.924）, diabetes （OR=4.003）, coronary heart disease （OR=8.240）, and hyperlipidemia （OR=1.844） were risk factors for HF among people aged ≥ 50 years in Xi'an community. Physical exercise （OR=0.670） was a protective factor for HF among people aged ≥ 50 years in Xi'an community. Conclusion The prevalence of HF in people aged ≥ 50 years in Xi'an is roughly the same as that in other cities. There are many risk factors affecting the occurrence of HF in this population. Effectively controlling cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and bad living habits can theoretically reduce the incidence of HF in people aged ≥ 50 years.

Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of parenting sense of competence among puerperal women in Hongkou District of Shanghai, so as to provide reference for improving parenting sense of competence and promoting the smooth transition of maternal roles. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted on the parenting sense of competence and it's influencing factors among puerperal women who established a card in the obstetric clinic of a hospital in Shanghai for production inspection and delivery from October 2019 to June 2020 and underwent postpartum reexamined at 42 days postpartum. The results were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method, and the influencing factors of parenting sense of competence among puerperal women were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 974 puerperal women were included in this study for analysis, aged 20-42 years, mainly 26-30 years old （358 people）, primipara （69.9%）, vaginal delivery （71.0%）, and mixed feeding（40.5%） accounted for a high proportion of newborns. The parenting efficiency and satisfaction dimension scores of the Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale （C-PSOC scale） for puerperal women were （39.25±5.16） and （30.78±6.03） points, and the total score was （70.92±6.84） points, both of which were at a medium level. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age （β'=0.163）, participation in maternity school （β'=1.453）, parity （β'=0.142）, feeding mode （β'=0.167）, and Edinburgh postpartum depression score （β'=-0.289） were the influencing factors of parenting sense of competence among puerperal women in Hongkou District, Shanghai. Conclusion The score of parenting sense of competence among puerperal women is at a medium level in Hongkou District, Shanghai. The status is affected by many factors such as age, participation in maternity school, parity, feeding mode and postpartum depression of puerperal women. Effective measures such as providing parenting knowledge, technical guidance and psychological counseling should be taken to improve parenting competence of puerperal women and promote physical and mental health of mothers and infants.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and pathogenic bacteria distribution of patients with diabetic foot who developed multidrug-resistant organisms （MDROs） infection. Methods From January 2019 to December 2020, patients with diabetic foot in endocrinology clinic of a tertiary hospital in Qingdao were selected as the research subjects for data collection, physical examination and fasting venous blood collection, and the cotton swab was used to wipe the wound and wipe out the secretions for pathogen infection and drug resistance detection. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used for analysis, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of multi-drug resistance. Results A total of 5 122 patients with diabetic foot were analyzed for MDROs infection. The patients were 35 to 85 years old, with an average of （61.03±11.19） years old, and the course of diabetes was 1 to 29 years, with an average of （12.32±7.16） years. There were 210 cases of multiple infections, and the multiple infection rate was 4.10%. A total of 265 MDROs were isolated, and the top 3 MDROs were 109 strains of Staphylococcus aureus （41.13%）, 61 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa （23.02%）, and 58 strains of Escherichia coli （21.89%）. Among the main MDROs, Staphylococcus aureus was 100% resistant to oxacillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and cefazolin, and Escherichia coli was 100% resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ceftazidime. No bacteria resistant to vancomycin. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of antimicrobial exposure （OR=1.962）, the number of hospitalizations for the same wound>2 times/year （OR=1.970）, osteomyelitis （OR=4.323）, neuro ischemic wounds （OR=1.269） and antimicrobial treatment course ≥5 d （OR=1.487, 3.274, 1.602） were risk factors for MDROs infection. Conclusion A history of antimicrobial exposure, hospitalization > 2 times/year for the same wound, osteomyelitis, neuro ischemic wounds, and the use of antimicrobial courses in diabetic foot patients are strongly associated with MDROs infection.

Objective To investigate the distribution and abnormalities of non-invasive prenatal testing （NIPT） results in pregnant women, and explore the factors influencing the positive predictive value of NIPT high-risk prenatal diagnosis and karyotype analysis. Methods The 16 523 pregnant women who underwent NIPT at a hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects, and karyotype analysis was performed on those with high risk of NIPT results. The results were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method. Results Among 16 523 pregnant women, 183 cases had high risk of NIPT, and the high risk rate was 1.11%. There were significant differences in the high risk rate of NIPT among pregnant women with different age, serological screening results, abnormal ultrasound soft markers （USM） and nuchal translucency （NT） （all P<0.01）. A total of 150 cases received amniocentesis chromosome karyotype analysis, the karyotype examination rate was 81.97%. The choice of prenatal diagnosis was related to fetal NT （P<0.05）. The positive predictive value of karyotype analysis was 68.67% （103/150）. Among them, the positive predictive values of 21-trisomy （T21）, 18-trisomy （T18）, 13-trisomy （T13）, sex chromosome aneuploidy （SCAs） and other chromosomal abnormalities were 90.57%, 68.75%, 54.55%, 71.43% and 14.29%, respectively. The results of chromosomal abnormalities, USM abnormalities and NT all affected the positive predictive value of karyotype analysis （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Conclusion T21 and SCAs are the main risk factors of NIPT in pregnant women. Maternal age, serological screening results, USM and NT all affect the detection rate of NIPT. The accuracy of NIPT results was related to the types of chromosomal abnormalities, USM abnormalities and NT.

Objective To screen the residents of Bengbu City for colorectal carcinoma and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of colorectal carcinoma in the area. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, the residents of Bengbu were screened by risk assessment questionnaire and fecal occult blood test from September 1 to December 31, 2020. The patients with positive preliminary screening results were further examined by colonoscopy. The preliminary screening results and colonoscopy results were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the abnormal results of colonoscopy. Results In this study, a total of 2 552 residents of Bengbu were screened for colorectal carcinoma, aged 50 - 74 years, mainly 60 - 69 years old, accounting for 48.24%, the gender ratio of male to female was 1.07∶1, and urban residents accounted for 51.88% Six hundred and seventy-four cases were positive in preliminary screening, and the positive rate was 26.41%, of which 653 cases participated in colonoscopy, and the compliance of colonoscopy was 96.88% A total of 392 lesions were detected, and the abnormal rate was 60.03%, mainly colonic polyp （65.57%） Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the older the age （OR=2.252）, the male （OR=1.439）, the history of mucus and bloody stool （OR=6.197）, the history of chronic constipation （OR=4.162）, the history of chronic appendicitis （OR=3.931） and the history of smoking （OR=3.083）, the higher the risk of abnormal colonoscopy in Bengbu residents. Conclusion Among the residents of Bengbu City, the proportion of high-risk populations for colorectal carcinoma screening is relatively high, the compliance of colonoscopy is better, the detection rate of colonoscopy abnormalities is high, and the abnormalities are mainly colonic polyp. There are many factors affecting the abnormal rate of colonoscopy of local residents. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of colorectal carcinoma, and mobilize high-risk population for colonoscopy, so as to achieve early detection, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the status of knowledge, attitude and practice of COVID-19 among medical students during the normalized phase of COVID-19, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 for universities. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method to selected 84 classes with different majors and grades from a medical university from April to May in 2020, and structured self-designed questionnaire was used for online survey. Results A total of 2 245 valid questionnaires were collected, among which 805 students （35.8%）, 435 students （19.4%）, 667 students （29.7%）, 132 students （5.9%） and 206 students （9.2%） majored in clinical medicine, preventive medicine, nursing, clinical pharmacy, and health inspection and quarantine, respectively. The comprehensive knowledge score of COVID-19 was （9.42±1.47）, and the awareness rate was 91.2%. There were statistically significant differences in COVID-19 knowledge among students of different majors, grades, ages and household annual income per capita （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that grade was the influential factor for COVID-19 cognition of medical students （P<0.05）. The main ways to obtain the knowledge of COVID-19 were microblog, wechat and other social platforms （87.5%） and television broadcasting （82.1%）. 96.1% of the students paid close attention to the epidemic situation; 99.7% of the students had a positive attitude towards COVID-19 prevention; only 10.0% of the students felt fear and anxiety. 73.1%, 83.8% and 90.7% of medical students whose frequency of disinfection, washing hands and wearing masks were increased, respectively. And 46.3% of medical students whose frequency of participating in the exercise was decrease. Conclusion Medical students have a good knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19, and grade is the influencing factor. Universities and relevant departments should carry out health education according to different characteristics of students, improve their health literacy and reduce the risk of campus infection.

Human papillomavirus （HPV） vaccination is one of the essential measures for cervical cancer prevention and control. By comprehensively analyzing the effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness and other factors of HPV vaccination, experts strongly recommend prepubertal girls （9~14 years old） as the primary target population,and HPV vaccines should be given priority to them. Improving the vaccination coverage among target populations can achieve the best effect of the primary prevention strategy of cervical cancer.