Objective To estimate long-term trends in kidney cancer morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years rates （DALY rates） in five Asian countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 and the current disease burden of kidney cancer in China in 2019, and to project future trends through 2029. Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 （GBD 2019）, from which burden of disease indicators was obtained for China's mainland, Taiwan of China, South Korea, Japan, and Singapore, analyzing trends of disease burden from 1990 to 2019. Using ARIMA models, morbidity and mortality trends were projected for China's mainland from 2020 to 2029. Results Among the five Asian countries and regions from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized morbidity, mortality, and DALY rates of China's mainland, Taiwan of China, and South Korea showed an upward trend （EAPC 95% CI > 0）. Taiwan of China had the largest change of growth, followed by China's mainland. In 2019, the DALY rates of kidney cancer in five Asian countries and regions showed an upward trend with the increase in age. The disease burden of male kidney cancer in each country and region was higher than that of females. The DALY rate of kidney cancer caused by three risk factors, high body mass index （BMI）, smoking, and trichloroethylene occupational exposure, was the highest in Taiwan of China. The prediction results of the ARIMA model showed that the morbidity and mortality of kidney cancer in China's mainland would continue to increase from 2020 to 2029. Conclusions Since 1990, the morbidity of kidney cancer has been showing an increasing trend in the five Asian countries and regions. And morbidity and mortality will continue to increase in China's mainland by 2029.

Objective To understand the prevalence of cataract in the elderly in Tunchang County, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was adopted from January to December 2020. One subdistrict office （township） was selected from each of the eight towns in Tunchang County, and two communities （villages） were selected from each subdistrict office （township） as survey sites. People aged ≥60 were selected from the survey sites to conduct eye examination and questionnaire survey. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the prevalence of cataract in the elderly in Tunchang County, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of cataract in the elderly. Results A total of 1 517 elderly permanent residents in Tunchang County were investigated. Male accounted for 49.51% and female accounted for 50.49%; The age was mainly 60-80 years old, accounting for 97.50%; The education level was mainly below senior high school, accounting for 70.53%. A total of 423 cases of cataract were detected, the prevalence rate was 27.88%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of high myopia （OR=1.597）, diabetes （OR=2.720）, smoking （OR=1.443）, outdoor occupation （OR=28.042）, moderate intensity of eye use （OR=1.643）, and high intensity of eye use （OR=2.602） were the risk factors for cataract in the elderly in Tunchang County.Conclusion The prevalence of cataract in the elderly in Tunchang County is high, and high myopia, diabetes, smoking, high intensity of eye use, and outdoor occupation are the risk factors for the disease.

Objective To investigate the status of self-health management in hypertensive patients and explore its influencing factors, to provide a reference for improving the level of self-health management in hypertensive patients. Methods Hypertensive patients who received medical treatment in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January to April 2022 were selected to evaluate the status of self-health management by Self-Management Behavior Assessment Scale, including diet management, medication management, emotional management, work and rest management, disease monitoring, and exercise management. Data of gender, age, education level, family history of hypertension, course of hypertension, grade of hypertension, and other underlying diseases were obtained by questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the influencing factors of the self-health management of hypertensive patients. Results The total score of self-management behavior of 1 432 hypertensive patients was （75.21±4.70） points. The scores of diet management, medication management, emotional management, work and rest management, disease monitoring, and exercise management were （19.73±2.69） points, （13.58±1.37） points, （15.91±1.71） points, （12.80±1.26） points, （11.14±1.19） points, and （6.08±0.95） points, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age （β'=0.237）, an education level （β'=0.191）, course of hypertension （β'=0.184）, grade of hypertension （β'=0.251）, and other underlying diseases （β'=-0.234） were factors influencing the status of self-health management in hypertensive patients. Conclusions The status of self-health management of hypertensive patients is not ideal, which is affected by many factors such as age, education level, course of hypertension, grade of hypertension, and other underlying diseases. Personalized health management can be strengthened for different groups of patients to improve their self-management ability and control hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative nutritional risk of children with congenital heart disease （CHD） and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods Children with CHD who underwent surgery in Hainan Women and Chidren's Medical Center from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected and their data of medical history were collected. The perioperative nutritional risk assessment was completed using STRONGkid. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done to analyze the related factors affecting the perioperative nutritional risk of children with CHD. Results A total of 1 006 children with CHD completed perioperative nutritional risk assessment. The STRONGkid evaluation results showed that the incidence of perioperative medium-high nutritional risk in children with CHD was 43.94%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age <37 weeks （OR=3.706）, average monthly family income <5 000 yuan （OR=2.875）, pulmonary hypertension （OR=2.892）, heart failure （OR=3.216）, complex diseases （OR=1.881）, prealbumin<250 mg/L （OR=1.990）, 25-（OH）D<30 nmol/L （OR=1.611） were the risk factors for perioperative nutritional risk in children with CHD. Conclusions Attention should be paid to perioperative nutritional risk of children with CHD. Gestational age, family economic status, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and complex diseases are the possible influencing factors of perioperative nutritional risk in children with CHD.

Objective To investigate the etiological composition of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension （PAH） and to analyze their hospitalization outcome. Methods PAH patients admitted to the 3 hospitals in Meishan area from January 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in the study, and the etiological composition of PAH patients was analyzed according to the 2008 Dana Point Classification of PAH based on patient medical record data and diagnosis. The characteristics and hospitalization outcomes of the patients were analyzed, and the influencing factors of the hospitalization outcome were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 1 748 PAH patients were included for analysis. There were 624 cases （35.70%） of arterial PAH, 811 cases （46.40%） of left heart disease-related PAH, 286 cases （16.36%） of respiratory diseases or hypoxia-related PAH, 23 cases （1.32%） of chronic thrombotic PAH, and 4 cases （0.23%） of PAH caused by unknown causes or multiple factors. There were statistically significant differences in the etiological distribution of PAH patients with different gender, ages, and years （all P < 0.01）. There were 1 295 cases （74.08%） of good outcomes and 453 cases （25.92%） of adverse outcomes （including the abandonment of treatment or death）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors affecting the adverse outcomes of PAH patients were female （OR= 4.436）, age increase （OR= 7.396）, the disease was associated with the arterial type （OR= 2.349）, left heart disease （OR=1.689）, and respiratory system disease or hypoxia （OR=1.379）, the elevation of PAH grade （OR=1.499）, course of disease > 60 months （OR=3.747）, complications （OR=2.149）, abnormal PaO₂ （OR=2.654）, and abnormal PaCO₂ （OR=1.319）. Conclusions PAH is most common in patients aged 41 to 50 years and is more common in women. Arterial PAH and left heart disease-related PAH are the most common causes of PAH. The incidence of adverse outcomes in PAH patients is high, and there are significant differences in hospitalization outcomes among patients with different characteristics.

Objective To investigate the high-risk behavior of registered schizophrenic patients in the Fuyang area and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 1 264 patients with schizophrenia registered in the Mental Health Prevention and Treatment Information Management System of Fuyang City from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected. Demographic data, clinical data, and follow-up information were collected, and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the factors affecting the high-risk behavior of patients with schizophrenia. Results Among the 1 264 patients with schizophrenia, 703 were males and 561 were females, with an average age of （42.15±14.06） years. The risk assessment of 102 patients was 3-5, and the incidence of high-risk behavior was 8.07%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that divorce/widowed （OR=2.03）, unmarried （OR=5.07）, not taking antipsychotic drugs （OR=3.16）, previous history of high-risk behavior （OR=3.12）, not participating in annual health checkup （OR=2.67）, and the number of community visits ≥5 times per month （OR=1.30） were risk factors for high-risk behavior in patients with schizophrenia. The number of community visits 1-2 times （OR=0.57） and 3-4 times （OR=0.58） per month were protective factors for high-risk behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive evaluation of the factors related to high-risk behavior in schizophrenia patients, and adopt the classification management in time, to effectively reduce the incidence of high-risk behavior.

Objective To explore the status of secondary prophylactic medication in patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease, and to analyze the related factors affecting medication compliance. Methods Patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease who received treatment in a hospital in Zhengzhou from January 2021 to January 2022 were included to conduct a questionnaire survey on secondary prophylactic medication, and results of medication type and compliance were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The factors influencing the compliance of secondary prophylactic medication in this population were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 763 patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease were investigated in this study, and 750 patients were effectively investigated, the effective rate was 98.29%. Among them, 306 patients with ischemic heart disease, 422 patients with ischemic stroke, and 22 patients complicated with ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke. Of the 750 patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease, 198 cases reported taking antiplatelet drugs or statins, accounting for 26.40%. The proportion of patients taking antiplatelet drugs only and statins only was 45.95% （91/198） and 29.29% （58/198）, respectively. There were 112 patients with good medication compliance, and the compliance rate was 56.57%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that gender （OR=2.289）, age （OR=0.624）, an education level （OR=2.020）, work status （OR=3.391）, annual family income （OR=1.723, 2.164）, complicated with hypertension （OR=1.266）, and course of disease （OR=0.531, 0.267） were related factors affecting compliance of secondary prophylactic medication in patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease. Conclusions The rate of secondary prophylaxis medication was low in patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease in Zhengzhou, and the compliance was poor, among which the gender, age, education level, annual family income, work status, and course of disease were all important factors affecting the medication compliance.

Objective To explore the application willingness of artificial intelligence （AI）-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology and its influencing factors among primary care physicians in Guangdong Province. Methods Primary care physicians in Guangdong Province were selected by convenient sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey on their demographic characteristics and willingness to apply AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology. The structural equation modeling was fitted to analyze the influencing factors of primary care physicians' willingness to apply AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology. Results A total of 3 490 primary care physicians from Guangdong Province were included, with an average age of （32.99±15.89） years, and 1 815 were male （52.01%）. The consent rates of primary care physicians who supported AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology to serve patients, believed that AI could promote the progress of medical technology and the popularization of advanced and sophisticated medical technology, and were willing to try or continue to use AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology to provide services for patients was 82.15%, 78.83%, and 78.45% respectively. The results of structural equation modeling showed that perceived usefulness, perceived satisfaction, perceived service quality, perceived information quality, and a higher education level had a positive impact on the willingness of primary care physicians to apply AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology, and the standardized path coefficients were 0.354, 0.268, 0.121, 0.270, and 0.035 respectively （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The higher professional title had a negative impact on the willingness of primary care physicians to apply AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology, and the standardized path coefficient was -0.045 （P<0.01）. Conclusions Primary care physicians' willingness to apply AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology is generally high in Guangdong Province. Perceived usefulness, perceived satisfaction, perceived information quality, perceived service quality, education level, and professional title are the influencing factors of primary care physicians' willingness to apply AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment technology.

Objective To evaluate the nutritional status of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the People's Hospital of Tunchang County and the Third People's Hospital of Haikou from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate the nutritional status by using the mini-nutritional assessment （MNA）. The basic data of patients including gender, age, education level, living style, physical activity, eating behavior, medical treatment method, course of disease, the severity of disease, and combined underlying diseases were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results A total of 997 outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included, including 582 patients （58.38%） with normal nutrition, 305 patients （30.59%） with malnutrition risk, and 110 patients （11.03%） with malnutrition. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=2.712）, living style （OR=0.209）, physical activity （OR=0.481）, eating behavior （OR=0.693）, course of disease （OR=2.949）, the severity of disease （OR=1.508）, combined underlying disease （OR=2.841） were the influencing factors of malnutrition in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions The nutritional status of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is poor, which is affected by individual age, illness, living habits, and other factors. Attention should be paid to high-risk groups of malnutrition, and good living habits should be actively established to improve the nutritional status and quality of life of patients.