Objective To explore the current situation of comorbidities of chronic diseases in Lujiang region,and to provide the reference for optimizing the management of comorbidities of chronic diseases and controlling the occurrence and progression of chronic diseases. Methods A survey and analysis were conducted on chronic disease patients who visited three hospitals in the Lujiang region from January 2021 to December 2023,including general demographic information such as gender and age,exercise status,sleep time,etc. Potential category recognition was used to analyze the comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases,and disordered multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases. Results Potential category analysis identified 17 chronic diseases into five categories,of which 1 335 cases （27.24%） were cardiovascular metabolic disease comorbidities,1 719 cases （35.09%） were non-specific comorbidities,866 cases （17.69%） were gastric/rheumatoid arthritis comorbidities,497 cases （10.17%） were relatively healthy,and 481 cases （9.81%） were respiratory disease comorbidities. The results of disordered multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher age （OR=2.590）,higher BMI （OR=1.579）,smoking history （OR=4.655）,drinking history （OR=3.108）,family history of chronic diseases （OR=2.815）,and taking four or more medications daily （OR=4.581） were independent influencing factors for cardiovascular metabolic disease comorbidities （P<0.05）,while sleep time>6 hours （OR=0.562） and more exercise （OR=0.443） were protective factors （P<0.05）. Drinking history （OR=3.497） and family history of chronic diseases （OR=3.765） were independent influencing factors for non-specific comorbidities （P<0.05）. Higher age （OR=4.599）,drinking history （OR=6.619）,and taking four or more medications daily （OR=6.475） were independent influencing factors for gastric/rheumatoid arthritis comorbidities （P<0.05）. Higher age （OR=2.685）,smoking history （OR=2.832）,and family history of chronic diseases （OR=2.787） were independent influencing factors for respiratory disease comorbidities （P<0.05）. Conclusions In the Lujiang region,chronic disease patients generally have comorbidities,with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases being the most prevalent. Factors such as age,BMI,smoking history,family history of chronic diseases,sleep time,types of medication,and exercise frequency are associated with chronic disease comorbidities. It is recommended that relevant departments enhance the prevention and control of chronic diseases in these specific groups.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection among adult residents in Wuwei City,Gansu Province,analyze the resistance of Hp strains to commonly used antibiotics,and further explore the correlation between different genotypes of virulence and drug resistance. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select adult residents in Wuwei City,Gansu Province from September to December 2023. The ¹⁴C urea breath test was used to detect Hp infection,and gastric mucosal biopsy samples of Hp infected people were collected to isolate and culture Hp. In addition,the disk diffusion method （K-B method） was used to test the susceptibility of Hp strains to five commonly used antibiotics,and genomic DNA of Hp strain was extracted. The virulence genes （cagA and vacA） of Hp strain were analyzed and detected by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Results A total of 1 814 adult residents were included in the survey,including 935 males and 879 females,with an average age of （53.2±9.3） years. The Hp infection rate was 69.63% （1 263/1 814）. There were significant differences in the detection rate of Hp among adult residents with different ages,BMI,levels of education,smoking and drinking habits,irregular meal patterns,and dietary preferences （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. A total of 1 242 Hp strains were isolated from Hp infected patients,and the resistance rates to five commonly used antibiotics were metronidazole （70.29%）,levofloxacin （50.56%）,clarithromycin （33.41%）,tetracycline （9.02%）,and amoxicillin （5.56%）,respectively. Single drug resistance （55.80%） was the main strain,followed by double drug resistance （21.74%） and triple drug resistance （7.33%）. The PCR results revealed that the positivity rate of cagA was 83.57%. Additionally,the genotype of vacAs was found to be 78.66% for s1,55.15% for m2,and 65.38% for i1. The resistance rate of Hp strain carrying vacA s1m1m2 to metronidazole was significantly higher than that of vacA s1m1/m2 （P<0.01）. Furthermore,it was noted that the resistance rate of levofloxacin in cagA⁺ type was significantly higher than that in cagA^- type （P<0.05）. Conclusions The infection rate of Hp was found to be high in Wuwei City,Gansu Province,and there was a significant variation in drug resistance among different Hp strains as determined by molecular subtyping. Therefore,it is recommended that eradication therapy for Hp in this region should be tailored based on historical data,the drug resistance profiles of commonly used antibiotics,and genotype test results.

Objective To investigate the distribution of allergens in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis in Chengdu,as well as to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis treated in 6 hospitals in Chengdu （4 tertiary comprehensive hospitals,1 tertiary traditional Chinese medicine hospital,and 1 tertiary comprehensive hospital） from January to December 2023 as the rhinitis group. Non-allergic rhinitis children and adolescents who visited during the same period were selected as the control group. Serum specific IgE testing was performed on patients in the rhinitis group,and a self-made questionnaire was used to conduct a survey on both groups. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the distribution of allergens,while univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to analyze the influencing factors of allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents. Results After testing,1 240 （91.45%） children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis in Chengdu tested positive for inhalation allergens,and 602 （44.40%） tested positive for food allergens. The top three inhalation allergens were dust mites/house dust mites,house dust,and elm/willow/poplar pollen. The top three food allergens were crab/shrimp/scallop,freshwater fish,and mango/pineapple. The positivity rate of allergens varied among different age groups of children and adolescents. In those under 13 years old,dust mites/house dust mites accounted for a higher proportion of inhalation allergens; whereas crab/shrimp/scallop accounted for a higher proportion of food allergens. Among adolescents aged 14-17 years old,dust mites/house dust mites accounted for a higher proportion of inhalation allergens; meanwhile,mango/pineapple accounted for a higher proportion of food allergens. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that urban residence （OR=1.676）,dietary habits dominated by meat （OR=2.122）,smoking/passive smoking （OR=1.835）,outdoor activity time< 1 h/d （OR=1.879）,bronchial asthma （OR=4.282）,adenoid hypertrophy （OR=9.465）,previous allergy history （OR=1.929）,and parental allergic rhinitis （OR=2.465） were the influencing factors for allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents in Chengdu. Conclusions The allergens in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis in Chengdu are mainly inhalation allergens. Urban residence,dietary habits dominated by meat,smoking/passive smoking,outdoor activity time <1 h/d,bronchial asthma,adenoid hypertrophy,previous allergy history,and parental allergic rhinitis are the influencing factors for allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents in Chengdu.

Objective To analyze the electrocardiogram results of occupational health examination for employees and explore the related factors of abnormal electrocardiogram,in order to provide a basis for preventing cardiovascular disease. Methods From January to December 2022,convenience sampling was used to select employees who underwent health examination in one secondary hospital （Feidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine） and one tertiary hospitals （Feidong County People's Hospital） in Feidong County for this study. The electrocardiogram examination reports,physical examination results,and laboratory indicators of the respondents were collected,and a questionnaire survey was conducted. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the abnormal situation of electrocardiogram in this population,and the univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the related factors. Results A total of 10 828 employees participated in this study,including 5 848 males （54.01%） and 4 980 females （45.99%）. A total of 10 828 electrocardiograms were recorded,and 1 458 abnormal electrocardiograms were detected,with a detection rate of 13.47%. The results of univariate analysis showed that age,hospital grade,smoking,alcoholism,hypertension,hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia,BMI,healthy diet,exercise,working years,working hours,and work stress were associated with abnormal electrocardiogram of employees （all P<0.01）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=4.604 for 50-60 years old）,smoking （OR=4.154）,alcoholism （OR=3.725）,hypertension （OR=2.433）,BMI （OR=3.747 for overweight/obesity）,exercise （OR=0.232 for sufficient exercise）,working years （OR=6.197 for ≥31 years）,working hours （OR=4.595）,and work stress （OR=4.513） were all influencing factors for abnormal electrocardiogram in employees. Conclusions In Feidong region,the abnormal electrocardiogram detection rate is high in employees,which is related to age,smoking,and other factors. Regular physical examination and targeted health management have a positive effect on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in this population.

Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods From December 2019 to December 2023,patients with grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ chronic heart failure admitted to two hospitals in Haikou City were selected for this study. The general information and disease data of patients were collected. The Mini-Nutrition Assessment Special for Heart Failure （MNA-HF） was used to evaluate the nutritional risk of patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the independent influencing factors of nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure. Results A total of 2 135 patients with chronic heart failure were enrolled,of whom 698 （32.69%） had normal nutrition,914 （42.81%） had nutritional risk,and 523 （24.49%） had malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=2.821）,BMI （OR=0.325）,place of residence （OR=0.561）,NYHA cardiac function classification （OR=2.102）,edema （OR=2.494）,activity of daily living （OR=0.536）,eating attitude test score （OR=2.499）,thickness of posterior wall of left ventricle （OR=1.960）,hemoglobin （OR=0.429）,albumin （OR=0.365）,and C-reactive protein （OR=2.106） were associated with nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure. Conclusions The risk of malnutrition in patients with chronic heart failure is high,which is affected by individual age,cardiac function,edema,diet,inflammatory state,living style,daily activity ability,and other factors. Clinical attention should be paid to nutritional risk assessment and nutritional intervention in patients with chronic heart failure.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of stress incontinence among adult females in Beijing and analyze the related influencing factors. Methods From January to June 2023,a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey and gynecological examination on adult females in Beijing. The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of stress incontinence,and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of stress incontinence. Results A total of 1 621 adult females were investigated in this study,of whom 372 were diagnosed with stress incontinence,with a prevalence rate of 22.95%. Multivariate analysis showed that age （OR=2.859）,BMI index （OR= 1.964 for 24.0-27.9 kg/m²,OR=2.278 for ≥28.0 kg/m²）,menopause （OR=2.119）,parity ≥ 2 times （OR= 2.035）,history of vaginal delivery （OR= 1.558）,lateral episiotomy （OR= 1.621）,pelvic floor organ prolapse （OR=2.722）,diabetes mellitus （OR=2.360）,anxiety （OR= 2.869）,long-term constipation （OR=2.357）,sitting time >2 hours per day （OR=1 805）,oral contraceptives （OR= 2.478）,and urine holding habits （OR=1.996） were influencing factors for stress incontinence among adult females. Conclusions The prevalence rate of stress incontinence is high among adult females in Beijing,and there are numerous contributing factors. The condition can be effectively prevented through pelvic function training,adopting healthier lifestyle habits,and other measures.