Objective To understand the medication adherence of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Huizhou City,and explore its influencing factors. Methods A survey questionnaire was developed based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model （IMB）. Convenience sampling was utilized to recruit participants from Huizhou Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Research Institute from March to April 2022 to examine their medication adherence during treatment. A logistic regression model was employed to analyze the factors influencing medication adherence. Results Among the 269 participants,the mean age was （46.64±16.47） years old,with 171 males （63.6%） and 98 females （36.4%）. The medication adherence rate was 83.6% （225/269）. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher level of knowledge regarding treatment information （OR = 1.19） and self-efficacy （OR = 2.91） were associated with improved medication adherence among patients. Conversely,a higher level of perceived barriers （OR = 0.76） was linked to poorer medication adherence in patients. Conclusions The medication adherence of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Huizhou City is good overall,and the main influencing factors are the level of knowledge regarding treatment information,self-efficacy,and perceived barriers. In the future,interventions such as health education and doctor-patient communication can be strengthened to improve patients' medication adherence.

Objective To understand the prevalence of ground glass nodules （GGN） in health examination population in Shanghai and explore its correlation with metabolic diseases. Methods A total of 10 403 health examinees were selected for the survey,and the prevalence of GGN and metabolic indicators in this population were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the impact of metabolic diseases on GGN. Results The prevalence of GGN in health examination population of the region was approximately 35.90% （3 735/10 403）,with females accounting for 38.87% （1 703/4 381） and males accounting for 33.74% （2 032/6 022）,with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of GGN among patients with different metabolic diseases （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Hypertension （OR=1.168） was a risk factor for GGN in the population. In addition to hypertension,high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （OR=1.287） was a risk factor for GGN in females. For males,diabetes （OR=1.234）,impaired glucose regulation （OR=1.342）,and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （OR=1.315） were risk factors for GGN,while fatty liver （OR=0.858） was found to be a protective factor. Conclusions The prevalence of GGN is relatively high in health examination population in Shanghai. The prevalence of GGN in females is affected by hypertension and high levels of LDL-C,while the prevalence of GGN in males is related to hypertension,diabetes,impaired glucose regulation,low levels of HDL-C,and fatty liver.

Objective To explore the status and indication changes for cesarean section in medical institutions in Huainan region,in order to provide empirical evidence for the formulation of scientific intervention measures and management strategies. Methods Women who gave birth in Huainan Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Huainan First People's Hospital,and Huainan Dongfang Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected as the survey objects. General demographic information and pregnancy-related information were collected. Indicators for cesarean section were evaluated according to Expert Consensus on Cesarean Section Operation （2014）. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the status of cesarean section and the change of indications,and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the related factors of cesarean section without medical indications. Results A total of 10 878 cases of maternal data were collected,including 3 750 cases of cesarean section,accounting for 34.47%. The cesarean section rates from 2019 to 2022 showed a gradually decreasing trend （trend χ²=160.049,P<0.01）,and were 45.63%,39.31%,31.85%,and 23.63%,respectively. There was significant difference in the distribution of indications of cesarean section from 2019 to 2022 （χ²=340.037,P<0.01）,among which scar uterus accounted for the highest proportion. From 2019 to 2022,the proportion of scar uterus and fetal distress in the indications of cesarean section showed a gradually increasing trend,while the proportion of placental abruption and placenta previa showed a gradually decreasing trend. Among the 3 750 women who gave cesarean section,166 had cesarean section without medical indications,accounting for 4.43%. The main reason for cesarean section without medical indications was the fear of not being able to deliver naturally,and after the trial delivery,a cesarean section must be changed （32.53%）. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of cesarean section without medical indications was higher in women aged 30-35 （OR=1.093） and 35-40 （OR=1.097）,with a pre pregnancy BMI of≥28.0 kg/m² （OR=2.933）,multiparous women （OR=1.664）,those who were unaware of pregnancy and childbirth related knowledge （OR=1.670）,and those who had prenatal anxiety （OR=4.865）. Conclusions From 2019 to 2022,the cesarean section rate in medical institutions in Huainan region shows a decreasing trend. The highest proportion of cesarean section indications is scar uterus,and there are still a certain proportion of cesarean section without indications.

Objective To investigate the status,experience,and training needs of epidemiological investigation and risk assessment capacities of infection prevention and control practitioners （IPCP） in Shanghai hospitals,in order to provide a basis for improving the epidemiological investigation,handling,and risk assessment capacities of IPCP in the future,exploring the construction of infection control talent team in medical institutions,and improving the reserve of infectious disease emergency response capacity of medical institutions. Method From September to November 2023,a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on a total of 354 IPCP in Shanghai,using convenient sampling. Results The score of epidemiological investigation and risk assessment capacities of IPCP in Shanghai was （187.82±27.35）,which was at the upper middle level. The capacity score of IPCP in tertiary hospitals was higher than that of non-tertiary hospitals,and the capacity scores of IPCP with experience in emergency response to infectious diseases,emergency rescue,emergency drills,and risk assessment training were higher than those without relevant experience （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Among the survey subjects,79.94% expressed their willingness or very willingness to participate in epidemiological investigation and risk assessment training,and the top three training needs were emergency response plan and drill （93.22%）,basic knowledge of infectious diseases （83.33%）,and public health response （81.36%）. Conclusions The epidemiological investigation and risk assessment capacities of IPCP in Shanghai are generally robust,but the individual capacity levels vary greatly. So it is possible to strengthen training for weak links,comprehensively improve the epidemiological investigation and risk assessment capacities of the infection control talent team,and effectively build emergency response capacity reserves.

Objective To evaluate the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in river channels connecting the Yangtze River in Nanjing City,so as to provide evidence for strengthening the control measures and reducing the risk of schistosomiasis transmission. Methods Snail monitoring,human and animal activity investigation,and infection source monitoring were carried out to grasp the risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission in river channels connecting the Yangtze River in Nanjing City,including Chu River,Bianmin River,and Shuiyang River. The risk level was evaluated by the three-dimensional risk matrix method. Results Snail monitoring was carried out in 12 environments in river channels connecting the Yangtze River,and the average density of live snails was 0.20/frame,and no infectious snails were found. The inspection along the river found that there were 10 environments with crowd activities and 4 environments with cattle and sheep grazing. A total of 7 273 residents along the river were investigated for schistosomiasis,with a positive rate of 2.17%. A total of 57 samples of wild feces were detected by miracidium hatching method,and no positive results were detected. A total of 31 wild mice were captured with a density of 2.58%. The results of three-dimensional risk matrix evaluation showed that the Bianmin River in Qixia District and the Chu River in Liuhe District were medium risk,and the Shuiyang River in Gaochun District was high risk. Conclusions The risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission in river channels connecting the Yangtze River in Nanjing City still exist. The risk levels of the Bianmin River and the Chu River are medium,and the Shuiyang River is high. Competent authorities are advised to strengthen the comprehensive environmental management,and strengthen regional joint prevention and control. Meanwhile,it is necessary to improve the schistosomiasis surveillance system to detect and eliminate potential transmission risks in time.

Objective To investigate the status of high-risk populations for colorectal cancer among middle-aged and elderly residents in Xi'an region,to understand the early diagnosis awareness of high-risk populations and analyze its influencing factors,and to provide reference for the optimization of colorectal cancer screening strategy. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was carried out from June through December 2022,enrolling permanent residents of Xi'an for research purposes. A quantified risk assessment questionnaire coupled with fecal occult blood testing （FOBT） were implemented to identify populations at an elevated risk for colorectal cancer. Subsequently,a questionnaire pertaining to the early diagnosis awareness regarding cancer was conducted among those classified as high-risk. To further elucidate the determinants influencing early diagnosis awareness,a Logistic regression model was utilized for a comprehensive multivariate analysis. Results A cohort of 5 478 individuals,aged between 40 to 74 years,was included in the survey to assess the risk factors for colorectal cancer,with 2 690 males （49.11%） and 2 788 females （50.89%） participating. The survey identified 956 individuals as being at high risk,with an overall high-risk prevalence of 17.45%. The prevalence of high risk among females （19.19%） surpassed that of males （15.65%） （χ²=11.901）,and there was a positive correlation between increasing age and high-risk prevalence （χ²=113.178）,with the 60 to 69 years age group exhibiting the highest high-risk prevalence （24.18%） and the 40 to 49 years group the lowest （10.71%）. A significantly higher high-risk prevalence was observed among rural residents （20.93%） compared to urban residents （13.72%） （χ²=49.331）. Education level significantly affected the high-risk prevalence,with lower educational attainment linked to increased high-risk prevalence （χ²=162.742）,with all differences being statistically significant （all P<0.01）. Among the 956 individuals classified as high risk,289 （30.23%） possessed awareness for early cancer diagnosis. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that rural residency （OR=0.455）,higher educational attainment （OR=1.919）,higher annual family income （OR=1.358）,self-pay medical insurance （OR=1.260）,employment as a farmer or migrant worker （OR=0.495） and unemployment （OR=0.444）,routine health examinations （OR=3.121）,personal history of cancer or polyps （OR=2.438）,and a family history of colorectal cancer （OR=2.484） were all correlated with early diagnosis awareness in the high-risk population for colorectal cancer. Conclusions Residents in Xi'an have a high risk of colorectal cancer,and the early diagnosis awareness of high-risk populations needs to be further improved. Interventions should be given to the influencing factors of early diagnosis awareness among high-risk populations,to achieve early detection,diagnosis,and treatment of cancers,and reduce the burden of family and social diseases.