Objective To investigate the status and related factors of sleep disturbances and mental health among university students in the post-COVID-19 epidemic era. Methods During September and October 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to survey students at a university in Guangdong Province. Non-parametric rank sum test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between sleep disturbances and mental health among the students. Results A total of 1 488 valid questionnaires were collected in this study, with male students comprising 41.5% and female students comprising 58.5%. Among them, 74.9% reported a history of COVID-19 infection, and 34.2%, 42.8%, 31.9%, and 48.2% reported experiencing insomnia, nightmare distress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between anxiety and insomnia, nightmare distress, and depression （r=0.39, 0.52, and 0.52, all P<0.01）. Insomnia, nightmare distress, and depression positively predicted anxiety （adjusted R²=0.51, β=0.32, 0.30, and 0.50, all P<0.001）. Conclusions In the post- COVID-19 epidemic era, a heightened incidence of sleep disturbances and mental health problems has been observed among university students. Insomnia, nightmare distress, and depression exacerbate the severity of anxiety. It is imperative for universities and relevant authorities to prioritize the sleep and mental health status of university students, along with the associated influencing factors, to enhance sleep quality and promote mental health.

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and long-term trends of other infectious diarrhea in Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2022, and provide a reference for local disease prevention and control. Methods Data on other infectious diarrhea cases in Qiannan Prefecture from 2012 to 2022 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological method and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics and long-term trends. Results From 2012 to 2022, a total of 11 486 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported. The average annual reported incidence rate was 31.6 per 100 000 population, and the overall reported incidence rate exhibited an upward trend (trend χ² =663.085, P<0.01). The incidence rate peaked from October to January of the following year. The disease primarily affected scattered children (7 618 cases, 66.3%). Rotavirus was identified as the predominant pathogen (3 312 cases, 95.8%). Joinpoint regression analysis revealed two turning points in the annual reporting rate from 2012 to 2022, with a significant increase observed from 2015 to 2020 (APC=24.023, P<0.05). Conclusions From 2012 to 2022, there has been an upward trend in the overall incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Qiannan Prefecture. The high incidence is observed during the winter and spring seasons, with rotavirus being identified as the dominant pathogen. It is recommended to implement effective comprehensive intervention measures targeting focus groups and areas during the peak incidence season in order to effectively prevent and control the disease within the local community.

Objective To explore the impact of medical evaluation of children with special health status on vaccination in Cangzhou region. Methods Children with special health status who were treated in the vaccination clinic of Cangzhou People's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected to carry out medical evaluation of vaccination, put forward vaccination recommendations and implement vaccination. Descriptive analysis method was used to make statistical analysis of the implementation results of vaccination recommendations and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) within three months after vaccination, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the factors affecting the vaccination rate of children with special health status in Cangzhou region. Results A total of 2 018 children with special health status were included, of which 53.96% were aged 0-<12 months. The main special health status included neurological diseases, neonatal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 33.80%, 31.96%, and 15.91%, respectively. According to medical evaluation, it is recommended that 1 459 (72.30%), 426 (21.11%), and 133 (6.59%) children be vaccinated/re vaccinated according to the immunization program, partially vaccinated, and temporarily vaccinated, respectively. Among them, 1 712 children (90.82%) were actually vaccinated, and 31 cases (1.81%) developed AEFI, all of which were general adverse events and recovered within 7 days. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residence (urban OR=1.390), parents' education level (college degree or above OR=1.662), average monthly household income (≥3 500 yuan OR=1.677), parents' sources of information (child health doctors/obstetricians/neonatologists OR=2.450, primary vaccination personnel OR=2.100), and parents' awareness of vaccination (good OR=1.677) were all independent factors affecting the vaccination of children with special health status in Cangzhou region (all P<0.05). Conclusions Most of the children with special health status can be vaccinated with preventive vaccines after medical evaluation, and the safety is good. It is also necessary to focus on strengthening the publicity of vaccination for children with special health status, and to improve the parents' knowledge of preventive vaccination, so as to increase the vaccination rate of children with special health status.

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of oral hygiene behavior among urban adult residents in Nanjing City, and to offer references for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Methods A stratified random sampling approach was employed to investigate the oral hygiene behavior of urban adult residents in Nanjing City from June to December 2022. The descriptive epidemiological method was utilized to analyze the status of oral hygiene behavior, and the influencing factors were analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 1 680 urban adult residents in Nanjing City were investigated, and 1 529 effective subjects were obtained, with an effective rate of 91.01%. There were 315 cases with good oral hygiene behavior, accounting for a good rate of 20.60%. There were 1 214 cases of poor oral hygiene behavior, with a poor rate of 79.40%. The top three major poor items were brushing time < 3 min, toothbrush use time ≥ 3 months, and irregular oral examination. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender (female OR=1.869), age (OR=0.183), education level (college degree or above OR=2.331), history of oral diseases (OR=0.674), dental anxiety (OR=0.266), and source of oral hygiene knowledge (medical institution OR=3.251) were the influencing factors of oral hygiene behavior among urban adult residents in Nanjing City (all P<0.05). Conclusions The oral hygiene behavior of urban adult residents in Nanjing City requires improvement, particularly in aspects such as brushing time, toothbrush use time, and regular oral examinations, which are affected by multiple factors. Oral health education and oral disease prevention and intervention measures can be strengthened based on individual conditions, thereby guiding residents to establish good oral hygiene habits and enhance oral health status.

Objective To study the height development of children with bronchial asthma in Qingdao City, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide the scientific basis for prevention and clinical treatment. Methods Children with bronchial asthma who were treated in the respiratory department of 3 hospitals in Qingdao City from October 2022 to December 2023 were selected for this study. According to their height, they were divided into under height group and normal height group. Their medical records were collected, and their parents were surveyed by questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the height development of children with bronchial asthma, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of height development. Results A total of 1 095 children with bronchial asthma in Qingdao City were included in this study, including 418 (38.17%) in the under height group and 677 (61.83%) in the normal height group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight ≥2.5 kg (OR=0.786), age of first onset of asthma (OR=0.726), daily milk consumption (OR=0.832), and daily exercise time ≥0.5 h (OR=0.762) were protective factors for under height in asthmatic children (all P<0.05). Feeding pattern in 0-6 months of age (OR=3.118), partial diet (OR=2.078), asthma severity (OR=1.979), glucocorticoid use (OR=2.803), combined pulmonary hypertension (OR=2.078), disease duration (OR=3.365), and average annual asthma attacks (OR=2.770) were risk factors for under height in asthmatic children (all P<0.05). Conclusion Birth weight, age of first onset of asthma, feeding pattern in 0-6 months of age, daily milk consumption, partial diet, exercise time, asthma severity, glucocorticoid use, combined pulmonary hypertension, disease duration, and average annual asthma attacks are independent factors influencing the height development of children with bronchial asthma, providing evidence for clinical treatment and better protecting children's health.

Objective To understand the awareness and attitude of HIV service providers towards pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and explore its influencing factors which may provide suggestions for next steps. Methods From May to September 2022, HIV service providers in 16 prefectural cities (cities) in Yunnan Province were surveyed with self-administered online questionnaire to collect their demographic characteristics, knowledge related to PrEP, and attitudes towards PrEP. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relevant factors affecting the survey subjects' attitudes towards PrEP. Results Among 542 HIV service providers, the awareness rate of PrEP knowledge was 91.5% (496/542) and 93.9% (509/542) supported PrEP strategy. Lack of knowledge (42.4%), fear of side effects (33.3%), and difficulty in follow-up (27.3%) were the main reasons for not supporting PrEP. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge of PrEP (OR=55.38) were the promoting factors supporting PrEP strategy. Further analysis found that knowing the role of PrEP (OR=4.71), the effective protection rate of PrEP (OR=4.22), and the need to use condoms when taking PrEP (OR=14.02) promoted supportive attitudes towards the PrEP strategy. Conclusions Although HIV service providers have a high awareness of PrEP knowledge, they do not fully grasp the relevant knowledge such as effectiveness of PrEP and measures of PrEP. Most HIV service providers support the PrEP strategy, but some barriers remain. Training should continue to be strengthened, emphasizing the role of social organizations, and optimizing the PrEP process to facilitate the implementation of PrEP.

Objective To investigate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of medical staff in preventing falls in Shijiazhuang, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 2 438 medical staff from 3 hospitals in Shijiazhuang during the period from June 2023 to August 2023 were included. Their general data were collected, and their KAP level regarding fall prevention was assessed by employing the questionnaire on the KAP level of fall prevention among medical staff. The KAP scores of medical staff with diverse characteristics were compared, and the factors influencing the scores were analyzed through the multiple linear regression model. Results The average score of knowledge, attitude, and practice for fall prevention among medical staff were (47.63±5.28), (31.54±3.62), and (33.40±4.29), respectively. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that several factors significantly influence the fall prevention knowledge score of medical staff (all P<0.05), including educational level (β′=0.617), receipt of fall prevention training (β′=0.505), patient history of falls (β′=0.389), and the inclusion of fall prevention in performance evaluations (β′=0.476). Additionally, the fall prevention attitude score of medical staff was significantly influenced by receipt of fall prevention training (β′=0.251), patient history of falls (β′=0.382), and the inclusion of fall prevention in performance evaluations (β′=0.842) (all P<0.05). The fall prevention practice score was significantly associated with working years (β′=0.276), receipt of fall prevention training (β′=0.360), patient history of falls (β′=0.189), and the inclusion of fall prevention in performance evaluations (β′=0.586) (all P<0.05). Conclusions The KAP level of fall prevention among medical staff in Shijiazhuang is at a medium level, which is influenced by many factors, such as working years and whether they have received relevant fall prevention training, etc. It is still necessary to pay attention to improving the KAP level of medical staff to prevent falls and reduce the occurrence of patients' fall at work.

Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of medical staff's willingness to report adverse medical safety events (hereinafter referred to as adverse events) in Changzhi City. Methods From June to September 2023, medical staff in 4 hospitals under the jurisdiction of Changzhi City were included as investigation objects. General data, willingness to report adverse events and influencing factors of medical staff were collected by self-made questionnaire, and the influencing factors of willingness to report adverse events were analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple linear regression method. Results A total of 1 124 medical staff were investigated in this study, and the score of willingness to report adverse events was (54.88±8.17). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that tertiary hospitals (β'=0.086), age (β'=0.226), professional title (medium-grade β'=0.199, senior β'=0.228), working years (β'=0.103), were not afraid of criticism and punishment (β'=0.059), believed that the impact was small and could be remedied (β'=-0.080), the hospital had a clear definition of the scope of adverse events (β'=0.077), the hospital had a clear reporting procedure for adverse events (β'=0.075), there would be feedback and improvement measures after reporting (β'=0.069), and the effective publicity and training of adverse event reporting (β'=0.080) were the influencing factors of medical staff's willingness to report adverse events (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions The willingness of medical staff to report adverse events in Changzhi City is low, which is affected by many factors, such as hospital grade, age, professional title, working years, personal cognition, and management mechanism. Targeted measures can be taken to further improve the medical staff's willingness to report adverse events from the aspects of improving the management mechanism, improving the medical staff's cognitive level of adverse event reporting, and creating a good cultural atmosphere of safety management.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics, as well as the spatiotemporal clustering of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen from 2017 to 2022, to inform the policy-making for HFMD prevention and control strategies in the region. Methods Comprehensive data from individual HFMD cases and sentinel hospital surveillance in Shenzhen between 2017 to 2022 were systematically gathered. The epidemic features were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. ArcMap 10.8 software was used for global spatial autocorrelation analysis and local spatial autocorrelation analysis. SaTScan 9.0 software was used for spatiotemporal clustering analysis based on discrete Poisson distribution. Results Over the six-year period, Shenzhen reported a total of 267 124 cases of HFMD, with an average annual reporting rate of 291.60 per 100 000. The average annual reporting rate before the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2019) was 519.57 per 100 000, which was significantly higher than the rate during the COVID-19 period (2020-2022) at 124.33 per 100 000 (P<0.01). HFMD cases were reported throughout the year, with higher incidence observed from May to July and September to November. Most cases occurred in children aged three years and below (207 854 cases, 77.81%), particularly among scattered children (194 214 cases, 72.71%) and those in early childhood care (58 641 cases, 21.95%). HFMD cases were reported across all ten districts of Shenzhen, with Futian District having the highest annual reporting rate at 774.47 per 100 000, followed by Guangming District at 410.97 per 100 000 and Longgang District at 266.23 per 100 000. The predominant strains of HFMD pathogens were Cox A6 and Cox A16. In 2022 there was statistically significant global spatial autocorrelation coefficient Moran's I (Z=2.688, P<0.05) and spatial aggregation. From 2017 to 2022, HFMD in Shenzhen showed obvious clustering in time and space. The first type of clustering area was mainly centered in the streets of Buji and Fuyong in Bao'an District and Longgang District, and the clustering time was mainly concentrated from May to November. Conclusions The prevalence of HFMD in Shenzhen from 2017 to 2022 showed obvious seasonal, regional, and population distribution characteristics. The average annual reporting rate of HFMD during the COVID-19 epidemic period is lower than that before the epidemic, and there is an obvious spatial and temporal clustering of cases.

Objective To explore the effect of Radix Astragali on the exercise ability of fatigue mice and the regulation mechanism of p-AMPKα/AMPKα by comparing taurine formula and compound taurine formula with Radix Astragali. Methods A total of 140 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 7 groups and given intragastrically once a day, and weight-bearing swimming experiments were carried out on the 14th and 28th days respectively. After the last administration, mice tissues were collected. Serum levels of lactic acid (LA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The content of glycogen and the expression of AMPKα and p-AMPKα in muscle tissue were detected. Results Taurine formula and compound taurine formula with Radix Astragali had no liver toxicity. Compared with taurine formula of the same dose, the exhaustive swimming time of mice increased by 34% after adding Radix Astragali; LA content was significantly decreased, LDH and SOD contents were significantly increased (P<0.05); The expression level of p-AMPKα/AMPKα protein was increased (P<0.01). Conclusion Compound taurine formula with Radix Astragali can reduce the accumulation of LA and BUN, increase muscle glycogen reserve, significantly prolong the exhaustive swimming time of mice by increasing AMPKα phosphorylation, and improve the exercise ability of fatigue mice.