Objective To explore the potential intervention mechanisms of aerobic exercise in improving colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated sarcopenia based on RNA-sequence (RNA-seq). Methods Twenty 5-week-old BALB/C male nude mice were randomly divided into an exercise group and a control group. After adapting to running for 3 days, the exercise group received subcutaneous tumor inoculation and underwent a 5-week running training. The control group did not receive any running training, while the rest were the same as the exercise group. After the end, the body weight and tumor data of nude mice were collected, and RNA-seq analysis of gastrocnemius muscle tissue was performed. Results The tumor weight (P<0.01) and tumor volume (P<0.01) of the exercise group were lower than those of the control group, while the body weight was higher (P<0.05). The RNA-seq showed that there was a total of 25 differentially expressed genes in the exercise group compared to the control group, of which 24 were upregulated genes. The analysis of upregulated gene protein-protein interaction (PPI) showed that genes such as Cxcl12, Ctla4, and Flt3l may be key target genes. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that there was a total of 9 upregulated entries, among which the number of genes and Log₁₀ (P) in the "cytokine activity" entry ranked first, and related genes included Ccl3, Cxcl12, Cxcl2, etc. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis results showed that there was a total of 3 upregulated entries, among which the number of genes and Log₁₀ (P) in the " cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" entry ranked first, and related genes included Tnfsf18, Tnfrsf9, Tnfrsf11b, etc. There were three intersection genes between RNA-seq upregulated differentially expressed genes and CRC-associated sarcopenia target genes, including Cxcl12, Ar, and Mfge8. Conclusions Aerobic exercise can inhibit tumor growth in CRC model nude mice, maintain weight gain, and effectively prevent the occurrence of sarcopenia and cachexia in tumor bearing nude mice. The intervention mechanism may be multifaceted, and Cxcl12, Ar, etc. may be target genes for aerobic exercise to prevent CRC-associated sarcopenia.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the disease burden and prevalence trend of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC) in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods Using the Database of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and Joinpoint regression model, we explored the influences of factors such as age, gender, period, smoking, and high fasting plasma glucose on the disease burden of NASH-HCC in China from 1990 to 2019. What's more, the differences of disease burden were compared between China, the United States, and the world at the same period. Results The standardized prevalence rate of NASH-HCC in China increased by 1.55% from 1990 to 1996, decreased by 3.89% from 1996 to 2001, decreased by 16.25% from 2001 to 2005, and increased by 3.39% from 2010 to 2019. With the same changing trend of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease burden in China during the same period. Meanwhile, it was with a higher disease burden in males and older people. The two increases indicated the importance of factors including of medical level, diet structure, and lifestyle in the change of NASH-HCC burden. Smoking and high fasting plasma glucose had the greatest impacts on disease burden in males aged 65-69 years. Although the burden of disease in the United States was rising, and with a higher prevalence rate than in China, there was a higher level of overall burden of NASH-HCC in China than the global. Conclusions The disease burden of NASH-HCC is a major public health challenge in China. The government and individuals should pay more attention.

Objective To compare and analyze the diagnostic efficacy of three different commercial test kits for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection. Methods Throat swab samples were collected from 49 COVID-19 patients and 11 healthy individuals. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was detected with RT-PCR test kits from Mde Biotech, Jiangsu Bioperfectus Technologies, and Coyote Biotech. The sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and kappa value were analyzed, and three parallel tests were performed with three samples at different levels. The linear regression equation of Coyote quick detection value was established and verified, which to predict the conventional values of Mde and Bioperfectus. Results The sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, PPV, NPV, and kappa value of the Mde PCR kit were 0.98, 1.00, 0.98, 1.00, 0.92, and 0.95, respectively, and that of the Bioperfectus PCR kit were 0.96, 1.00, 0.97, 1.00, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively, and that of the Coyote PCR kit were 0.94, 1.00, 0.95, 1.00, 0.79, and 0.85. For the three parallel tests, the coefficient of variation value of the Mde and Bioperfectus PCR kit in all three samples were smaller than that of Coyote PCR kit for both the ORF1ab and N gene. The linear regression equation of Coyote quick detection value was established and verified successfully [Mde: Y_ORF1ab = 1.049×X_{ORF1ab(Coyote)} + 13.20 (R²=0.937), Y_N = 1.101×X _N(Coyote) + 13.06 (R²=0.940); Bioperfectus: Y_ORF1ab = 1.066×X _{ORF1ab(Coyote)} + 15.49 (R²=0.940), Y_N = 1.107×X _N(Coyote) + 14.61 (R²=0.944)]. Conclusions The three test kits have good coincidence rate and consistency for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. The linear regression equation established by the quick detection value of Coyote kit can better predict the routine value of Mde and Biopefectus.

Objective To investigate the interaction effect of hypertension and advanced age (≥80 years old) on the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Methods Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2018), according to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the elderly aged ≥65 years were divided into cognitive impaired group and cognitive intact group. The logistic regression model was utilized to analyze the influence of hypertension and advanced age on cognitive impairment. The multiplicative and additive models were applied to analyze the interaction effect of hypertension and advanced age. Results A total of 11 508 elderly people were included, and 2 101 cases of cognitive impairment were identified, with a prevalence rate of 18.3%. The prevalence of hypertension was 53.7% (6 183 cases). After adjusting for confounding factors by multivariate logistic regression, the results still showed that the hypertensive population (OR=1.787, 95% CI: 1.262-2.530) and the advanced age population (OR=5.472, 95% CI: 2.986-9.865) had a higher risk of cognitive impairment, and there was a multiplicative interaction between hypertension and advanced age (OR=1.520, 95% CI: 1.056-2.188)(all P<0.05). The risk of cognitive impairment in hypertensive and advanced age individuals was 4.617 times that of the non-hypertensive and non- advanced age (95% CI: 3.606-5.913), the relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) was 8.363 (95% CI: 6.438-10.288), the attributable proportion of interaction (API) was 0.667 (95% CI: 0.623-0.711), and the synergy index (SI) was 3.631 (95% CI: 2.983-4.421)(all P<0.05). Conclusion The effects of hypertension and advanced age on cognitive impairment are multiplicative and additive.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural residents of Fengyang County, and to provide a reference basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for upper gastrointestinal cancer in Fengyang County. Methods This study employed a multi-stage stratified sampling method, conducting preliminary examinations, laboratory tests, and questionnaires on the rural residents aged 18 and above in 25 rural communities of Fengyang County, Anhui Province, from January 2020 to December 2022. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural residents of Fengyang County, and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Results A total of 4 532 permanent rural residents in Fengyang County completed electronic gastroscopy and pathological biopsy of suspicious lesions, identifying 81 cases of upper gastrointestinal cancer, with a detection rate of 1.79% (81/4 532). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that education level (below high school OR=2.937, high school OR=2.206), smoking (OR=3.379), excessive drinking (OR=2.165), preference for pickled foods (OR=3.263), drinking tea (OR=0.519), preference for fried bean products (OR=1.689), atrophic gastritis (OR=2.337), and Helicobacter pylori positivity (OR=1.910) were influencing factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural residents of Fengyang County. Conclusions The incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural residents of Fengyang County, Anhui Province, is relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen early screening and regular physical examinations for high-risk groups with poor dietary and drinking habits, combined with atrophic gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori infection, to achieve early diagnosis and intervention of upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Objective To investigate the cognitive level of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccine, as well as the related influencing factors among the male population in Liuzhou City. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to collect basic information and knowledge about HPV and vaccines from 2 402 men in Liuzhou City through a self-administered online questionnaire. Chi-square, t-test, and binary Logistic regression methods were used to analyze the cognition of survey subjects towards HPV and its vaccines, as well as their influencing factors. Results A total of 2 402 men in Liuzhou City were included, with an average age of (27.43±7.07) years. The average awareness rate of HPV knowledge was 61.55% (7 392/12 010). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that sexual history (OR=2.04), HPV infection history (OR=1.98), marital status (OR=2.50 for single, OR=2.24 for married/cohabiting), Objective support for social relationships (OR=1.15), support availability (OR=1.15), sexual orientation (OR=0.60 for gay, OR=0.20 for bisexual), and occupation (OR=0.64 for migrant workers) were the factors influencing the cognitive level (all P<0.05). Conclusions Male population in Liuzhou City has a high cognitive level of HPV and its vaccine. In daily publicity work, attention should be paid to the influence of social relations, peer education, and other factors on the cognition of the survey subjects. Socially vulnerable groups such as migrant workers, gay or bisexual, and divorced or widowed people have low awareness of relevant knowledge, and are key groups for publicity of relevant knowledge in the future.

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of troublemaking in patients with severe mental disorders in Hebei Province, to provide the reference for the management of patients with severe mental disorders. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select patients with severe mental disorders in Hebei Province who were registered and entered into the National Severe Mental Disorders Management Information System from June 2022 to June 2023. These patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had troublemaking behaviors：the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group. General data of patients were collected, and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), modified Explicit Aggressive Behavior Scale (MOAS), and mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate the social support degree and severity of patients' disease. The occurrence status of troublemaking behaviors was investigated, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for influencing factors analyses. Results The incidence rate of troublemaking behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders was 12.87% (69/536). There were significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, duration of medication, number of visits in recent three years, parental criminal record, awareness of social assistance policies, SSRS score, MOAS score, and MMSE score (all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=0.421), duration of medication (OR=0.513), awareness of social assistance policies (OR=0.317), SSRS score (OR=0.536), and MMSE score (OR=0.584) were protective factors for troublemaking behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders (all P<0.05), while MOAS score (OR=3.651) was a risk factor (P<0.05). Conclusions Patients with severe mental disorders in Hebei Province have a certain risk of troublemaking, mainly influenced by factors such as gender, duration of medication, and awareness of social assistance policies. It is necessary to strengthen the treatment and management of such patients to reduce the occurrence of troublemaking behaviors.

Objective To investigate the comorbidities of metabolic diseases and chronic nephropathy in physical examination population in Tianchang region and analyze the related factors, to provide the basis for disease prevention and control in this region. Methods A convenient sampling method was adopted to include the people who underwent physical examination in Tianchang People's Hospital, Tianchang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Tianchang Tiankang Hospital from January to December 2022 for this investigation. The physical examination data and the information of life behaviors and habits of the physical examinees were collected by questionnaires. The types of metabolic diseases and chronic nephropathy comorbidities were analyzed by descriptive method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of metabolic disease and chronic nephropathy comorbidity. Results A total of 5 512 individuals were included in the health examination, including 3 788 patients with metabolic diseases, accounting for 68.72%; 662 patients with chronic nephropathy, accounting for 12.01%. There were 531 patients with metabolic diseases combined with chronic nephropathy, accounting for 9.63% (531/5 512). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.480 for 45-<60 years old, OR=1.223 for ≥ 60 years old), BMI (OR=1.065 for 24.0-<30.0 kg/m², OR=2.275 for ≥ 30.0 kg/m²), smoking (OR=1.164), drinking (OR=1.126), place of residence (OR=1.365 for urban areas), sleep status (OR=1.292 for insufficient sleep), daily working hours (OR=1.201 for >8 hours), weekly exercise (OR=1.553 for 0-1 time), history of gastrointestinal diseases (OR=1.306), weekly fruit intake (OR=1.130 for 0-1 time), frequent consumption of hot pot (OR=1.192), and frequent consumption of late night snacks (OR=1.290) were independent influencing factors of comorbidity of metabolic diseases and chronic nephropathy (all P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of comorbidity of metabolic diseases and chronic nephropathy in this region is relatively high, among which overweight and obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are the main types of comorbidity of metabolic diseases with chronic nephropathy. In clinical practice, more efforts should be made to promote diet guidance and exercise guidance to reduce the incidence.