Objective To investigate the current status of overwintering mosquito breeding sites in Guangzhou and analyze their influencing factors, so as to provid a scientific basis for mosquito control during the overwintering period. Methods During January and February in 2025, stagnant water from various outdoor containers in Guangzhou was collected. Concurrently, environmental factors such as the sampling site type, container type, water quality, and meteorological conditions (temperature and humidity) were recorded.The collected water samples were then transported to laboratory for mosquito incubation and species identification.The hatching rates of mosquitoes were compared across different environment types, container types, water types, and water quality conditions. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the influencing factors on the positivity rate of mosquito hatching. Results A total of 979 water samples were collected, with a hatching positive rate of 4.49% for Aedes albopictus and 3.88% for Culex. Univariate analysis revealed that the Aedes albopictus hatch positive rates showed statistically significant differences across different regions, environmental types, container types, water quality conditions, and the presence or absence of adult mosquitoes resting around the water containers during sampling (P<0.05). Similarly, the Culex hatch positive rates showed statistically significant differences across different environmental types, water quality conditions, and the presence or absence of adult mosquitoes resting around the water containers during sampling (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the positive hatching rates of Aedes albopictus and Culex mosquitoes at different temperatures and humidity levels (P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the hatching positive rate of Aedes albopictus in urban breeding sites was significantly lower than in suburban areas (RR=0.515). Containers with potted plants, aquatic plants or aquatic vegetation had a higher likelihood of Aedes albopictus breeding compared to idle containers (RR=2.682). The hatching positive rate was higher in turbid water than in clear water (RR=3.380). Samples collected from water containers with adult mosquitoes resting nearby had a higher Aedes albopictus positive rate than those without (RR=4.422). Compared to urban residential areas, rural villages (RR=3.420) and other environments (RR=3.010) exhibited significantly higher Culex hatching positive rates in breeding sites. Turbid water bodies showed a higher Culex hatching positive rate than clear water (RR=2.215). Water samples collected from containers with adult mosquitoes resting nearby had a higher Culex hatching positive rate than those without (RR=3.949). Conclusion It is essential to enhance the monitoring of overwintering mosquito breeding sites. Proactively remove potential mosquito breeding grounds, including potted plants and aquatic plants. These efforts will lay a solid foundation for effective mosquito control throughout the year.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of coronary artery stenosis in a young adult population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on young adults aged 18-44 years who underwent physical examinations at our hospital's health examination center between November 2023 and September 2024. Individuals identified as being at high risk for cardiovascular disease, according to established screening criteria, were selected for supplementary examinations, including cardiac enzyme analysis and coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). A questionnaire was administered to collect data on general characteristics, lifestyle, and behavioral factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent risk factors for coronary artery stenosis. Results A total of 3 341 young adults were surveyed, from which 915 individuals (27.39%) were classified as being at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Among the high-risk group, 389 cases (11.64%) exhibited abnormal cardiac enzyme levels. The overall prevalence of coronary artery stenosis was 3.83% (128 cases), with mild stenosis being the predominant finding, accounting for 72.66% (93/128) of these cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sex (OR=1.379), age (OR=1.786), hyperlipidemia (OR=2.502), hypertension (OR=1.384), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.602), abdominal obesity (OR=1.439), high occupational stress (OR=2.065), smoking (OR=1.493), excessive salt intake (OR=1.335), regular physical exercise (OR=0.689), frequent nocturnal activity (OR=2.866), insufficient sleep (OR=1.401), and sedentary behavior (OR=1.520) were independently associated with the detection rate of coronary artery stenosis in this young adult population (all P<0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of coronary artery stenosis in young adults is multifactorial and significantly associated with a range of demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Male sex, advancing age, abdominal obesity, various chronic diseases, as well as lifestyle behaviors such as frequent nocturnal activity, high occupational stress, insufficient sleep, and sedentary habits are all correlated with an elevated risk of coronary artery stenosis. From a clinical health management perspective, it is imperative to enhance chronic disease management, promote dietary modification, and encourage lifestyle adjustments targeting these identified factors to mitigate the incidence risk.

Objective To investigate colonoscopy screening adherence and its associated risk factors among high-risk individuals for colorectal cancer (CRC) in Shanghai, providing an evidentiary basis for enhancing colonoscopy screening rates and CRC prevention. Methods Utilizing a cluster stratified random sampling method, permanent residents from eight communities in Shanghai were selected as study participants between January and December 2024. A survey was conducted to assess high-risk status for CRC, and screening was implemented. The colonoscopy screening adherence rate among the high-risk population was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors influencing adherence. Results A total of 3 925 community residents in Shanghai completed the questionnaire and fecal occult blood test (FOBT), yielding a CRC high-risk detection rate of 27.29% (1 071/3 925). Among the 1 071 high-risk individuals, 354 underwent colonoscopy, corresponding to a screening adherence rate of 33.05%. The mean total score for CRC screening knowledge was (12.5±3.6). The mean total score for health beliefs regarding CRC was (120.2±16.7), and the mean total score on the Colorectal Cancer Screening Aversion Scale was (77.8±16.7). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the following factors were significantly associated with colonoscopy screening adherence in the high-risk population (all P<0.05): educational attainment of college level or higher (OR=2.445), average monthly household income ≥5 000 yuan (OR=1.644), married status (OR=1.906), a first-degree relative with a history of CRC (OR=3.343), a personal history of malignant tumors (OR=4.158), a history of intestinal polyps (OR=2.643), presence of mucous and bloody stools (OR=1.956), regular physical examinations (OR=4.707), high perceived risk (OR=6.753), prior discussion of screening (OR=2.173), poor self-rated health status (OR=2.203), CRC screening knowledge (OR=1.709), perceived susceptibility to colorectal cancer (OR=1.478), aversion to colonoscopy (OR=0.264), and health consciousness (OR=0.603). Conclusion The adherence to colonoscopy screening among high-risk individuals in Shanghai communities requires further improvement. It is imperative to provide targeted guidance and health education tailored to the characteristics of the high-risk population to alleviate aversion and concerns regarding colonoscopy, thereby strengthening CRC screening efforts.

Objective To forecast the incidence trends of pulmonary tuberculosis in five counties and cities within the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and LSTM-XGBoost models, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in these localities. Methods This study first describes the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Habahe County, Nilek County, Korla City, Pishan County, and LuopuLuopu County from 2011 to 2023. Subsequently, an LSTM neural network model and an LSTM-XGBoost hybrid model were respectively established using the annual reported incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis for the period of 2011-2022 in the five selected localities. The predictive performance of these models for the years 2017-2023 was evaluated and compared. These models were then employed to project the incidence trends from 2024 to 2030. Results The average reported incidence rates from 2011 to 2023 were 112.21/100 000 in Habahe County, 101.85/100 000 in Nilek County, 56.86/100 000 in Korla City, 249.79/100 000 in Pishan County, and 359.78/100 000 in Luopu County. A comparison of the predictive accuracy for the 2017-2023 period revealed that the LSTM-XGBoost model demonstrated lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values than the standalone LSTM model in several of the studied areas. The forecasted trends for 2024-2030 from the LSTM-XGBoost model were analogous to those of the LSTM model. By 2030, the projected incidence rates for the respective localities are as follows: Habahe County, 30.48/100 000 (95% CI: 25.0/100 000 - 36.0/100 000); Nilek County, 3.90/100 000 (95% CI: 3.2/100 000-4.6/100 000); Korla City, 24.46/100 000 (95% CI: 20.1/100 000 - 28.9/100 000); Pishan County, 89.43/100 000 (95% CI: 73.3/100 000 - 105.5/100 000); and Luopu County, 89.92/100 000 (95% CI: 73.7/100 000-106.1/100 000). Relative to the actual incidence rates in 2015, the anticipated reductions by 2030 are 75.2% for Habahe County, 96.7% for Nilek County, 61.8% for Korla City, 68.4% for Pishan County, and 78.8% for Luopu County. Conclusion Both the LSTM neural network model and the LSTM-XGBoost model are capable of predicting tuberculosis incidence trends. The LSTM-XGBoost model exhibited superior predictive performance across key metrics in the majority of the counties and cities. The projections indicate a general downward trend in the future annual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis across the five localities. To achieve the 2030 planning objectives, it is imperative that each jurisdiction, particularly those with high epidemic burdens, implements more targeted and comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Objective To explore the differences in the risk of sarcopenia between home-based and institutional elder care models. Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to select 174 older adults from a nursing home and two communities in Shanghai between November 2023 and September 2024. The sample comprised 74 individuals in the institutional care group and 93 in the home-based care group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance baseline characteristics, resulting in 60 participants per group post-matching. The effects of the care model on the prevalence of sarcopenia, decline in muscle strength, and reduced physical performance were analyzed using t-tests, χ² tests, and a multivariate logistic regression model. The correlation between physical activity level, protein intake, and sarcopenia was also examined. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.00% in the institutional care group and 10.00% in the home-based care group, with no statistically significant difference observed between the two groups (P>0.05). After adjusting for covariates including gender, age, BMI, monthly income, chronic diseases (including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease), and degree of disability, the logistic regression analysis indicated a change in the odds ratio (OR) for sarcopenia risk in the institutional care model compared to the home-based model, from an original OR (95% CI) of 1.344 (0.789-2.291) to 1.261 (0.777-2.047). However, the care model did not have a significant effect on the risk of sarcopenia (P>0.05). The rates of decreased muscle strength and diminished physical performance were significantly higher in the institutional care group (51.67% and 56.67%, respectively) compared to the home-based care group (31.67% and 35.00%, respectively) (P<0.05). Following covariate adjustment, the logistic regression analysis revealed that the institutional care model was associated with an increased risk of decline in muscle strength and physical performance, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.444 (1.068-1.953) and 2.126 (1.423-3.175), respectively. Correlation analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between the level of physical activity and sarcopenia (r=-0.327, P<0.01), as well as between protein intake and sarcopenia (r=-0.284, P<0.01). Conclusion The institutional elder care model does not significantly increase the risk of sarcopenia among older adults but may exacerbate the decline in their muscle strength and physical performance. Insufficient physical activity and low protein intake are identified as risk factors for sarcopenia. These findings suggest that institutional care services should prioritize the maintenance and improvement of older adults' muscle function and physical activity capabilities, alongside enhanced nutritional support, to delay functional decline and improve quality of life.

Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the coupling coordination degree between medical resource supply and healthcare service utilization in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022, providing an evidentiary basis for optimizing medical resource allocation and enhancing service levels. Methods Utilizing data on medical resource supply and service utilization from the Inner Mongolia Health Statistics Yearbook, a coupling coordination degree model was employed to analyze the coordinated development of these two systems. Subsequently, a Bayesian hierarchical model was applied to investigate the dynamic trends and spatial distribution characteristics of the coupling degree. Results The analysis from the coupling coordination degree model indicated a progressive increase in the coordination level between medical resource supply and healthcare service utilization in Inner Mongolia, rising from 0.5606 in 2013 to 0.7196 in 2022, transitioning from a state of "reluctant coordination" to "moderate coordination." Over the period of 2013-2022, all 12 leagues and cities in Inner Mongolia demonstrated an upward trend in coupling coordination. The degree in the eastern region increased from 0.5721 to 0.7387, the western region from 0.6082 to 0.7425, and the central region from 0.5105 to 0.6786. The Bayesian hierarchical model analysis revealed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation in the coupling coordination degree for each year from 2013 to 2022. The average spatial correlation coefficient exhibited minor fluctuations, ranging between 0.3871 and 0.4819, with the peak value observed in 2020 (ρ=0.4819) and the nadir in 2021 (ρ=0.3871), suggesting a relatively stable spatial distribution pattern of the coupling coordination degree. Conclusion The coupling coordination between medical resource supply and healthcare service utilization in Inner Mongolia has continually improved. Nevertheless, the issue of lagging service utilization in areas with abundant medical resources warrants further attention. The application of Bayesian spatial statistical methods in small-sample research is noteworthy, and future efforts should focus on strengthening the spatial equilibrium of the supply-demand match in medical resources.

Objective To investigate the influence of sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and objective health conditions on the self-rated health of adults in Guangdong Province in 2023, thereby providing an evidence base for the optimization of public health policies. Methods Utilizing data from the Guangdong Provincial Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of self-rated health. Results A total of 8 841 valid participants were included in the analysis, comprising 3 725 males (52.8%) and 5 116 females (47.2%), with a mean age of (43.1±15.9) years. The prevalence of positive self-rated health among residents aged 18 and above in Guangdong Province was 49.0% (n=4 110). Univariate analysis indicated a significant association between self-rated health and age, educational attainment, employment status, hypertension, and diabetes (all P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension (OR=1.752) and diabetes (OR=1.613) were significant risk factors for poorer self-rated health (both P<0.05). Conclusion The self-rated health status of adults in Guangdong Province requires improvement. Chronic diseases, specifically hypertension and diabetes, were identified as the primary negative influencing factors. It is recommended that resident health be enhanced through the reinforcement of chronic disease management, the improvement of community health services, and the promotion of health education, thus providing a scientific basis for chronic disease prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the status of adherence to hepatic fibrosis monitoring among patients with chronic hepatitis B and to analyze the factors associated with their monitoring behaviors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving care at the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou from February 2024 to May 2025. Adherence to hepatic fibrosis monitoring was assessed, and its potential influencing factors were analyzed. Results The rate of adherence to hepatic fibrosis monitoring was 38.07%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with monitoring adherence. These included per capita household income (OR=1.636), presence of comorbid chronic diseases (OR=2.173), a family history of liver cancer (OR=2.802), a family history of hepatitis B (OR=2.835), frequency of health education related to hepatic fibrosis within the past year (OR=3.670 and 7.338 for different frequencies), comorbid nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (OR=3.047), fear of disease progression (OR=2.136), and chronic disease self-efficacy (OR=2.153). Conclusion Adherence to hepatic fibrosis monitoring among patients with chronic hepatitis B is suboptimal. Adherence is associated with a range of factors, including socioeconomic status, comorbidities, family history, health education, fear of disease progression, and self-efficacy. Future interventions should target these determinants to improve monitoring adherence, thereby mitigating the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the influence of gestational arsenic (As) exposure on the neurodevelopment of offspring mice and to elucidate the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) therein. Methods A murine model of gestational As exposure was established by administering sodium arsenite to pregnant dams via drinking water (at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight). Neurobehavioral alterations in the offspring at postnatal day 30 (Pnd 30) were assessed using the tail suspension test, forced swim test, open field test, and Morris water maze. On Pnd 1, brain tissues of the neonatal mice were collected for histopathological examination of the hippocampal region by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. MiRNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of their target genes. Results In comparison with the control group, offspring from the As-exposure group exhibited significant anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, alongside impaired learning and memory capabilities (all P<0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed a reduction in neuronal count and a disordered arrangement of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 region. MiRNA sequencing identified 69 differentially expressed miRNAs (27 upregulated, 42 downregulated; P<0.05). Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the target genes of these miRNAs were primarily enriched in functions related to nervous system development, regulation of biological processes, and calcium ion transport. These genes were implicated in signaling pathways crucial for neurogenesis, immune regulation, carcinogenesis, and oxidative stress. Conclusion Gestational exposure to arsenic may induce neurobehavioral abnormalities in offspring by modulating aberrant miRNA expression, which in turn affects neuronal development and associated signaling pathways. These findings suggest a pivotal regulatory role for miRNAs in the mechanisms of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity.

Objective To describe and analyze the global burden of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) attributable to depressive disorders from 1990 to 2021, examining the equity implications associated with varying levels of social development, with the aim of providing a reference for the prevention and control of depressive disorders. Methods Data pertaining to YLD rates for depressive disorders and the Human Development Index (HDI) for various countries and regions were compiled from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database and the Human Development Report 2022. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to assess the temporal trends in age-standardized YLD rates for depressive disorders globally between 1990 and 2021. The correlation between age-standardized YLD rates and the HDI was analyzed, and disparities in these rates across nations with different levels of social development were compared. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Concentration Index (CIX) were utilized to conduct an equity analysis of the global age-standardized YLD rates for depressive disorders. Results A significant upward trend was observed in the global age-standardized YLD rate for depressive disorders from 1990 to 2021. The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for the total population was 0.43% (95% CI: 0.28%-0.57%), for males was 0.47% (95% CI: 0.30%-0.64%), and for females was 0.40% (95% CI: 0.27%-0.53%) (all P<0.01). A significant negative correlation was identified between the age-standardized YLD burden of depressive disorders and the HDI for the period 1990-2021 (rs=-0.312, P<0.01). Statistically significant differences in age-standardized YLD rates for depressive disorders were found among countries with varying levels of social development in both 1990 and 2021 (both P<0.05). The Slope Index of Inequality was -161.98 (95% CI: -268.80 to -55.16) in 1990 and -269.04 (95% CI: -361.60 to -176.48) in 2021, with the absolute value demonstrating an increasing trend. The Concentration Index was -0.03 (95% CI: -0.05 to -0.02) in 1990 and -0.04 (95% CI: -0.05 to -0.03) in 2021, with its absolute value showing an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Conclusion The global burden of YLDs due to depressive disorders increased from 1990 to 2021, and significant inequities persist. The burden is disproportionately concentrated in countries with lower levels of social development. It is imperative to prioritize the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders in these nations and to implement proactive measures to promote equity in the global burden of YLDs from depression.