2018—2020年绵阳市<5岁儿童腹泻病例病原体检出情况及特征分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.0994

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析绵阳市<5岁儿童腹泻病例特征及病原体检出情况,为预防儿童腹泻发生提供科学依据。方法以绵阳市某医院2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日门诊接诊的<5岁腹泻儿童病例作为研究对象,收集儿童病例基本情况,采集儿童病例粪便进行病原菌检测。采用描述流行病学分析方法对结果进行分析。结果本研究共收集<5岁腹泻儿童病例565例,其中2018、2019、2020年分别为187、176和202例,分别占33.1%、31.2%、35.8%。病例中男女性别比为1∶1.05,病例年龄以12~<60月龄为主,占54.7%,发生季节以夏秋季为主,占63.5%。共检出病原体157例,均为单一感染,病原体检出率为27.8%。年份、年龄、季节不同的腹泻儿童病例病原体检出率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。检出病毒152株,细菌5株。病毒株以轮状病毒为主,占38.8%,腺病毒和诺如病毒分别占22.4%。结论 2018—2020年绵阳市某医院<5岁腹泻儿童病例病原体检出率逐年下降。病原菌以病毒为主,尤其以轮状病毒、腺病毒、诺如病毒发病居多,细菌性感染比例相对较低,应针对该地区病例特征采取有针对性的防控措施,预防儿童腹泻的发生风险。

关键词: 腹泻, 病原学, 检出情况, 流行特征, 轮状病毒

Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics of diarrhea cases and pathogen detection in children under 5 years old in Mianyang, and provide a scientific basis for preventing the occurrence of diarrhea in children. Methods Cases of children with diarrhea under 5 years old who were admitted to the outpatient clinic of a hospital in Mianyang City from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 were used as the research objects to collect the basic information, and the feces of children were collected for pathogen detection. The results were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method. Results A total of 565 cases of diarrhea in children under 5 years old were collected in this study, including 187, 176 and 202 cases in 2018, 2019 and 2020, accounting for 33.1%, 31.2% and 35.8% respectively. The sex ratio of boys to girls was 1∶1.05. The age of the cases was mainly from 12 to <60 months, accounting for 54.7%, and the season of occurrence was mainly summer and autumn, accounting for 63.5%. A total of 157 cases of pathogens were detected, all of them were single infections, and the pathogen detection rate was 27.8%. The detection rate of pathogens in children with diarrhea in different years, ages, and seasons was significantly different （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Among them, 152 strains were virus and 5 strains were bacteria. Rotavirus was the main virus strain, accounting for 38.8%, and adenovirus and norovirus respectively accounted for 22.4%. Conclusion From 2018 to 2020, the pathogen detection rate of diarrhea in children under 5 years old in a hospital in Mianyang is decreasing year by year. The pathogens are mainly viruses, especially rotavirus, adenovirus and norovirus, and the proportion of bacterial infection is relatively low. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to the case characteristics in this area to prevent the risk of diarrhea in children.

Key words: Diarrhea, Etiology, Detection status, Epidemiological characteristic, Rotavirus

中图分类号:

R512.5

任丹, 吴荻, 焦书丽, 郭军, 吴仪, 刘福. 2018—2020年绵阳市<5岁儿童腹泻病例病原体检出情况及特征分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(8): 994-997.

REN Dan, WU Di, JIAO Shu-li, GUO Jun, WU Yi, LIU Fu. Pathogen detection and characteristics of diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Mianyang, 2018-2020[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(8): 994-997.

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