关键词: 急性冠状动脉综合征, 出院, 不良心血管事件, 危险因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome within 1 year after discharge. Methods The patients with acute coronary syndrome who survived and were discharged from the hospital from January to December 2021 were taken for this study. The basic data and related clinical data of the patients were collected, and the follow‐up survey was conducted 12 months after discharge. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in discharged patients with acute coronary syndrome was analyzed descriptively, and the risk factors of major adverse cardiovascular events were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 403 patients completed the basic data and related clinical data collection and follow‐up, and 161 cases with adverse cardiovascular events, with an incidence of 39.95%. The main cardiovascular events were recurrent hospitalization （15.63%）, arrhythmia （9.93%）, angina pectoris （5.96%）, and cardiogenic shock （3.23%）. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome with different age, hypertension, diabetes, severity of coronary artery disease, white blood cell count, platelet count, coping style, and self‐efficacy （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age （OR=1.581）, hypertension （OR=1.667）, diabetes （OR=3.221）, severe coronary artery disease （OR=1.957）, elevated white blood cell count （OR=1.522）, elevated platelet count （OR=1.539）, negative coping style （OR=1.783）, and low self‐efficacy （OR=1.278） were risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Conclusions The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year after discharge in patients with acute coronary syndrome is high, which is affected by many risk factors. We should pay attention to high‐risk groups, strengthen the monitoring of white blood cell count and platelet count, guide patients to actively respond to diseases, improve their self‐efficacy, prevent and reduce adverse cardiovascular events, and improve prognosis.

Key words: Acute coronary syndrome, Discharge, Adverse cardiovascular event, Risk factor