兰州市2012—2020年乙肝感染孕产妇时空聚集分布特征

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.0730

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的研究兰州市2012—2020年孕产妇乙肝检测情况、产妇乙肝感染情况及其时空分布特征,为下一步全市消除乙肝母婴传播提供数据参考和决策依据。方法通过收集国家预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统中的乙肝孕产妇相关数据,采用趋势性χ²检验分析2012—2020年全市孕产妇乙肝检测情况、产妇乙肝感染情况,采用GeoDa 1.22软件对产妇乙肝感染的空间聚集性进行分析,采用SaTScan 9.4软件对产妇乙肝感染的时空聚集性进行分析。结果 2012—2020年全市孕产妇乙肝检测率呈上升趋势,从86.52%提升至99.09%;产妇乙肝感染率呈下降趋势,从2.98%波动性下降至2.78%（均P<0.05）。全局自相关分析显示兰州市产妇乙肝感染空间相关性不显著,呈随机分布。局部自相关分析显示2012—2020年全市产妇乙肝感染存在1个高-高聚集区,1个高-低聚集区和3个低-高聚集区。时空扫描分析显示,2012—2020年全市产妇乙肝感染扫描到1个I类聚集区,7个II类聚集区。其中I类聚集区为七里河区（LLR=121.25,RR=1.57,P<0.05）,聚集时间为2012年2月至2014年7月。结论全市孕产妇乙肝检测率稳步提升,产妇乙肝感染率波动性下降,大部分县区不存在产妇乙肝感染的时空聚集性,呈随机分布状态。加强孕产妇人群的乙肝防控的健康教育及产妇乙肝感染的抗病毒治疗,是降低全市乙肝母婴传播的重要举措。

关键词: 乙肝, 产妇, 空间相关, 时空分布

Abstract: Objective To investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening rates, infection prevalence, and spatiotemporal distribution patterns among pregnant women in Lanzhou from 2012 to 2020, providing data support and decision-making references for eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV. Methods Data on HBV infection among pregnant women were extracted from the National Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis, and HBV Management Information System. Trend chi-square tests were used to analyze temporal changes in HBV screening rates and infection prevalence. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using GeoDa 1.22, and spatiotemporal scan analysis was performed with SaTScan 9.4 to identify clustering patterns. Results From 2012 to 2020, the HBV screening rate among pregnant women increased significantly from 86.52% to 99.09%, while the HBV infection rate exhibited a fluctuating decrease from 2.98% to 2.78% (all P<0.05). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated no significant spatial clustering of HBV infections, suggesting a random distribution. Local autocorrelation identified one high-high cluster, one high-low cluster, and three low-high clusters. Spatiotemporal scan analysis detected one primary cluster (Class I) and seven secondary clusters (Class II). The primary cluster was located in Qilihe District (LLR=121.25, RR=1.57, P<0.05) during February 2012 to July 2014. Conclusions HBV screening coverage among pregnant women in Lanzhou improved steadily, with a declining trend in infection rates. Most regions showed no significant spatiotemporal clustering of HBV infections, indicating a random distribution. Strengthening health education on HBV prevention and expanding antiviral therapy for HBV-infected pregnant women are critical measures to further reduce MTCT of HBV.

Key words: Hepatitis B virus, Pregnant women, Spatial Autocorrelation, Spatiotemporal Distribution

中图分类号:

R512.6

潘丽, 马汉平, 程铖, 李䶮萍, 梁芳, 惠明刚, 侯少莹, 王春萍. 兰州市2012—2020年乙肝感染孕产妇时空聚集分布特征[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(7): 730-735.

PAN Li, MA Hanping, CHENG Cheng, LI Yanping, LIANG Fang, HUI Minggang, HOU Shaoying, WANG Chunping. Spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Lanzhou, 2012-2020[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2025, 51(7): 730-735.

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