关键词: 慢性心力衰竭, 衰弱, 危险因素, Fried衰弱表型, 多重用药, 社会支持

Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of frailty and its modifiable risk factors among patients with stable chronic heart failure (CHF) in Zhangjiakou City. Methods A multi-stage, stratified random sampling method was employed to enroll 1 348 patients between January 2024 and June 2025. Participants were categorized into a frailty group (score ≥3) and a non-frailty group based on the Fried Frailty Phenotype criteria. A multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors. Results The prevalence of frailty was determined to be 52.08% (702/1 348). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that an increased likelihood of frailty was significantly associated with age ≥75 years (OR=2.352), disability (OR=3.407), low physical activity (OR=2.294), comorbidity with two or more chronic diseases (OR=4.953), an elevated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score (OR=3.495), polypharmacy (OR=2.176), a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR=1.842), an elevated Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) score (OR=1.945), and poor treatment adherence (OR=2.316) (all P<0.05). High hemoglobin (Hb) levels (OR=0.575) and a high Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) score (OR=0.493) were also associated with higher odds of frailty (both P<0.05). Conversely, high social support (OR=0.487) and regular follow-up appointments (OR=0.512) were associated with a reduced likelihood of frailty (both P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of frailty among patients with stable CHF in Zhangjiakou City is notably high. Comprehensive interventions targeting modifiable factors—such as disability, low physical activity, multiple chronic comorbidities, sleep disturbances, malnutrition, anxiety, polypharmacy, and poor treatment adherence—are warranted.

Key words: Chronic heart failure, Frailty, Risk factors, Fried frailty phenotype, Polypharmacy, Social support