珠海市2022年大气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征及人群健康风险评估

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2024.1094

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究珠海市大气PM_2.5中多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染程度并评估经吸入途径的人群健康风险。方法 2022年每月10—16日在珠海市3个区分别采集PM_2.5样品,采用称重法和液相色谱仪分别检测PM_2.5的质量浓度和16种PAHs的浓度,并对PAHs经吸入途径引起的人群致癌性和非致癌性风险进行风险评估。结果 2022年珠海市大气PM_2.5浓度为7.00~80.00 μg/m³,中位数为19.00 μg/m³,年均23.85 μg/m³。16种PAHs总浓度为0.43~17.99 ng/m³,中位数为0.68 ng/m³。萘的危害商（HQ）中位数为4.33×10^-5,P₉₅为1.20×10^-4;而苯并[a]芘的HQ中位数为0.01,P₉₅为0.24。通过苯并[a]芘作为毒性等效因子计算16种PAHs的致癌等效浓度,以P₉₅计算总终生超额致癌风险（ECR）为6.64×10^-7,低于1×10^-6的可接受水平。结论珠海市PM_2.5中的PAHs总体浓度较低,由大气PM_2.5中PAHs暴露导致的人群非致癌与致癌风险均处于可接受风险阈值内。

关键词: 细颗粒物, PM_2.5, PAHs, 健康风险评估

Abstract: Objective To explore the pollution levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhuhai City, and to assess the health risks to the population via inhalation exposure. Methods In 2022, from the 10th to the 16th of each month, PM_2.5 samples were collected in three districts of Zhuhai City. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 was measured using the gravimetric method, while the concentrations of 16 types of PAHs were detected using liquid chromatography. Additionally, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks resulting from inhaling PAHs were evaluated. Results In 2022, the concentration of atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhuhai City was 7.00-80.00 μg/m³, with a median of 19.00 μg/m³ and an annual average of 23.85 μg/m³. The overall concentration of 16 PAHs ranged from 0.43 to 17.99 ng/m³, with a median of 0.68 ng/m³. The median HQ of naphthalene was 4.33×10^-5 and P₉₅ was 1.20×10^-4. The median HQ for benzo [a]pyrene （BaP） was 0.01 and P₉₅ was 0.24. The carcinogenic equivalent concentration of 16 PAHs were calculated using BaP as the reference toxic equivalent factor, the total lifetime excess carcinogen risk （ECR） calculated by P₉₅ was 6.64×10^-7, which was lower than the acceptable level of 1×10^-6. Conclusions The overall concentration of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhuhai City is relatively low. Besides, both the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed to the population by exposure to atmospheric PAHs are within acceptable risk thresholds.

Key words: Fine particulate matter, PM_2.5, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Health risk assessment

中图分类号:

R122.2

吴和岩, 任亮, 张艳, 宁婷, 邹亚玲, 刘文婷, 关天姬. 珠海市2022年大气PM_2.5中多环芳烃污染特征及人群健康风险评估[J]. 华南预防医学, 2024, 50(12): 1094-1098.

WU Heyan, REN Liang, ZHANG Yan, NING Ting, ZOU Yaling, LIU Wenting, GUAN Tianji. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhuhai City, 2022[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2024, 50(12): 1094-1098.

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