洛阳市学龄前肥胖儿童肠道菌群特征及食物摄入情况分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2022.1488

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨学龄前肥胖儿童的儿童肠道菌群特征,并就学龄前儿童不同种类食物摄入情况进行分析。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取肥胖儿童作为研究组,按同性别、年龄±0.5岁非肥胖儿童作为对照组,采集2组儿童早晨新鲜粪便,使用粪便DNA基因组提取试剂盒提取样本中粪便DNA样本,采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行肠道菌群检测。采用24 h膳食回顾法通过儿童家长对入组儿童前1日摄入食物量进行调查,并根据《实用儿童营养学》相关标准对儿童每日食物摄入量达标情况进行评估。采用描述性分析方法对2组儿童肠道菌群特征及食物摄入量进行比较分析。结果本研究共纳入肥胖儿童（研究组）790例,男童458例,女童332例,平均年龄（4.15±0.54）岁;非肥胖儿童（对照组）784人,男童447人,女童337人,平均年龄（4.16±0.61）岁;2组儿童性别分布及平均年龄差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。研究组儿童的变形菌门含量较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门含量在2组儿童间差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。研究组儿童的油脂摄入量要明显高于对照组（P<0.01）,蔬菜类、粮食类、奶制品类摄入达标率均明显低于对照组儿童,蛋制品摄入达标率高于对照组儿童（均P<0.01）,肉类和蛋制品摄入超标率明显高于对照组儿童（均P<0.01）。结论学龄前肥胖儿童多存在肠道菌群失衡现象,以变形菌门含量升高为主,同时学龄前肥胖儿童相比健康儿童摄入油脂量过大,肉类和蛋制品摄入超标率较高,蔬菜、粮食和奶制品摄入不足,建议对肥胖学龄前儿童通过饮食结构调节或服用益生菌制剂的方式进行生活方式干预,以期改善其肥胖现状。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 肥胖, 肠道菌群特征, 饮食结构, 摄入超标

Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics of intestinal flora in obese preschoolers, and to analyze the intake of different kinds of food in preschoolers. Methods Obese children were selected as the study group by convenient sampling method, and non-obese children of the same gender and age ± 0.5 years were selected as the control group. Fresh feces of two groups of children were collected in the morning, and fecal DNA samples were extracted with fecal DNA genomic extraction kit. Polymeric chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect intestinal flora. The 24-hour dietary review method was used to investigate the food intake of children on the first day by their parents, and the daily food intake of children was evaluated according to the relevant standards of Practical Child Nutrition. The descriptive analysis method was used to compare the characteristics of intestinal flora and food intake of the two groups. Results A total of 790 obese children （study group） were included in this study, including 458 boys and 332 girls, with an average age of （4.15±0.54） years. There were 784 non-obese children （control group）, including 447 boys and 337 girls, with an average age of （4.16±0.61） years. There were no significant differences in gender distribution and an average age between the two groups （all P > 0.05）. The Proteobacteria content of the study group appeared significantly higher than that of the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant （P<0.01）, whereas the rest of the two groups, such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and other genera, showed no significant differences （all P > 0.05）. The children in the study group had significantly higher intakes of oils and fats than the children in the control group, with statistically significant differences （P<0.01）, and the compliance rate of vegetable, grain, and dairy intake was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the compliance rate of egg products intake was higher than that in the control group, and the differences between groups were statistically significant （all P<0.01）. The rate of excessive intake of meat and egg products in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group （all P<0.01）. Conclusions Most obese preschoolers have an imbalance of intestinal flora, mainly with the increase of Proteobacteria. At the same time, compared with healthy children, obese preschoolers have a higher intake of fat, a higher rate of excessive intake of meat and egg products, and an insufficient intake of vegetables, grains, and dairy products. It is suggested that obese preschoolers should take lifestyle intervention by adjusting their diet structure or taking probiotics, to improve their obesity status.

Key words: Preschooler, Obesity, Characteristics of intestinal flora, Dietary structure, Excessive intake

中图分类号:

R179

谢晓东, 刘鹏华, 马妮萨. 洛阳市学龄前肥胖儿童肠道菌群特征及食物摄入情况分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2022, 48(12): 1488-1491.

XIE Xiao-dong, LIU Peng-hua, MA Ni-sa. Intestinal flora characteristics and food intake of obese preschoolers in Luoyang City[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 48(12): 1488-1491.

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