深圳地区造纸行业噪声作业人群听力损失及影响因素研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.0390

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析深圳地区造纸行业噪声作业人群的听力损失情况,并探讨影响该地区噪声作业人员听力损失的相关因素,为该地区职业人群听力防护提供科学依据。方法以2022年1—12月在深圳市职业病防治院参加职业健康检查的深圳地区造纸行业噪声作业人员为研究对象,对其进行纯音听阈测试、体格检查及问卷调查,采用描述性分析方法对结果进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对高频听力损失情况的影响因素进行分析。结果 4 875名造纸行业噪声作业人员中,听阈异常者1 779例,占36.49%;语频平均听阈异常者623例,占12.78%;双耳高频听力损失712例,占14.61%。职业性噪声聋为138例,占2.83%。各频及语频平均听阈处异常检出率左耳均明显高于右耳（均P<0.01）。同时,左、右耳高频听阈异常检出率均随听阈频率升高而有所增高（χ²趋势=119.470,119.660,P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性（OR=3.380）、年龄（OR=1.659~4.778）、高血压（OR=6.801）、接噪工龄（OR=3.031~16.643）、饮酒（OR=2.309）、工作制（双班OR=2.983,三班OR=3.781）、工作岗位（空压站OR=1.461）以及生产性粉尘（OR=1.782）和高温接触（OR=1.567）均为影响噪声作业人员高频听力损失的影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论造纸行业噪声作业人群的听力损失情况不容乐观,造成当地该职业噪声作业人员听力损失的因素颇多,应重点关注年龄和接噪工龄大、噪声突出岗位的男性员工,加强健康防护、控酒教育,规范工作机制和环境,以减轻听力损伤。

关键词: 造纸行业, 噪声作业人群, 听力损失, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the hearing loss status among noise-exposed workers in the paper industry in Shenzhen and to explore the factors influencing hearing loss in this population, providing a theoretical basis for hearing protection occupational groups in the region. Methods Noise-exposed workers in the paper industry in Shenzhen who underwent occupational health examinations at Shenzhen Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital from January to December 2022 were enrolled. Pure-tone audiometry, physical examinations, and questionnaires were conducted. Descriptive analysis was used. Factors influencing high-frequency hearing loss were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Among the 4 875 noise-exposed workers in the paper industry, 1 779 cases (36.49%) showed abnormal hearing thresholds; 623 cases (12.78%) had abnormal average speech-frequency hearing thresholds; 712 cases (14.61%) exhibited high-frequency hearing loss in both ears. Occupational noise-induced hearing loss was identified in 138 cases (2.83%). The abnormal detection rate of hearing thresholds at all frequencies and the average speech frequency was significantly higher in the left ear than in the right ear (all P<0.01). Additionally, the abnormal detection rate of high-frequency hearing thresholds in both ears increased with higher frequencies (χ² trend=119.470、119.660, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender (OR=3.380), age (OR=1.659-4.778), hypertension (OR=6.801), noise exposure duration (OR=3.031-16.643), alcohol consumption (OR=2.309), work schedule (two-shift OR=2.983, three-shift OR=3.781), job position (air compressor station OR=1.461), exposure to industrial dust (OR=1.782) and high-temperature exposure (OR=1.567) were all independent risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers (P<0.05). Conclusions The hearing loss status among noise-exposed workers in the paper industry is concerning. Multiple factors contribute to hearing loss in this occupational group, with particular attention needed for older male workers with longer noise exposure duration and those in high-noise positions. Strengthen health protection and alcohol control education, and standardize work mechanisms and environments are essential to mitigate hearing damage.

Key words: Paper industry, Noise-exposed workers, Hearing loss, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R135.8

贾琰, 郭哲伟, 闫沁男, 张洪达, 李龙宇. 深圳地区造纸行业噪声作业人群听力损失及影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 390-395.

JIA Yan, GUO Zhewei, YAN Qinnan, ZHANG Hongda, LI Longyu. Hearing loss and associated factors among noise-exposed workers in the paper industry in Shenzhen[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2025, 51(4): 390-395.

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