乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视影响因素分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.0384

华南预防医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 384-389.doi: 10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.0384

乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视影响因素分析

陆隽文¹, 姚雪梅¹, 姚健¹, 郭宇沨¹, 王婷婷²

1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017;
2.上海健康医学院护理与健康管理学院

收稿日期:2024-09-07 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-05-26
通讯作者: 王婷婷,E-mail：wangtt@sumhs.edu.cn
作者简介:陆隽文（1994—）,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为疾病预防与控制
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（81860179）; 2022年度上海健康医学院校级基金（xxkyjj-22-02-001）

Risk factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi

LU Junwen¹, YAO Xuemei¹, YAO Jian¹, GUO Yufeng¹, WANG Tingting²

1. School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China;
2. School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences

Received:2024-09-07 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-05-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的旨在分析乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视的影响因素,探讨遗传和环境因素对近视的作用,为区域性近视防控提供科学依据。方法本研究采用横断面调查设计,共纳入10 891名中小学生。通过自动验光仪测量屈光度,并结合问卷调查收集学生的人口学信息和行为习惯数据。结果研究结果显示,10 891名中小学生中近视的总体占比为74.6%,其中低度近视占比为37.3%,高度近视占比为1.8%。有序logistic回归分析显示近视的危险因素包括年龄增长（每增加1岁,风险增加约21.4%,OR=1.214）、女性（风险增加约38.0%,OR=1.380）、父母近视（一方近视风险增加约71.3%,OR=1.713;双方均近视风险增加约108.5%,OR=2.085）、读写距离过近（<30 cm,偶尔风险增加约52.2%,OR=1.522;经常风险增加约134.2%,OR=2.342）、不良阅读姿势（如躺着看书,风险增加约20.1%,OR=1.201）及长时间连续阅读（1~2 h风险增加约15.7%,OR=1.157;>2 h风险增加约27.9%,OR=1.279）。保护因素有其他民族（风险降低约48.5%,OR=0.515）、读写1 h后休息眼睛（风险降低约28.9%,OR=0.711）及每天户外活动时间>2 h（风险降低约15.1%,OR=0.849）（均P<0.05）。结论乌鲁木齐市中小学生的近视情况与性别、年龄、民族、行为习惯及遗传因素相关。可通过改善阅读习惯、增加户外活动及规范用眼行为来减缓近视的发生与进展。

关键词: 中小学生, 影响因素, 视力, 近视, 近视防控, 近视风险

Abstract: Objective To analyze the influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi, to investigate the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the development of myopia, and to provide a scientific basis for regional myopia prevention and control. Methods This cross-sectional study included 10 891 primary and secondary school students. Refractive status was measured using an automated refractometer, and demographic and behavioral data were collected through questionnaires. Results Among the 10, 891 students, the overall prevalence of myopia was 74.6%, with mild myopia accounting for 37.3% and high myopia for 1.8%. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for myopia included older age (for each additional year, the risk increased by 21.4%, OR=1.214), female sex (risk increased by 38.0%, OR=1.380), parental myopia (if one parent was myopia, risk increased by 71.3%, OR=1.713; if both parents were myopia, risk increased by 108.5%, OR=2.085), reading or writing at a distance of <30 cm (occasional: risk increased by 52.2%, OR=1.522; frequent: risk increased by 134.2%, OR=2.342), poor reading posture (e.g., lying down while reading, risk increased by 20.1%, OR=1.201), and prolonged continuous reading (1-2 hours: risk increased by 15.7%, OR=1.157; >2 hours: risk increased by 27.9%, OR=1.279). Protective factors included being to other ethnic groups (risk decreased by 48.5%, OR=0.515), taking eye breaks after 1 hour of reading (risk decreased by 28.9%, OR=0.711), and engaging in more than 2 hours of outdoor activities per day (risk decreased by 15.1%, OR=0.849) (all P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi is associated with sex, age, ethnicity, behavioral habits, and genetic factors. Improving reading habits, increasing outdoor activities, and standardizing eye-use behavior may help slow the onset and progression of myopia.

Key words: Primary and secondary school students, Influencing factors, Vision, Myopia, Myopia Prevention and Control, Myopia Risk

中图分类号:

R179

陆隽文, 姚雪梅, 姚健, 郭宇沨, 王婷婷. 乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 384-389.

LU Junwen, YAO Xuemei, YAO Jian, GUO Yufeng, WANG Tingting. Risk factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2025, 51(4): 384-389.

参考文献

[1] 史浩楠,马少伟,张羽珊,等. 近视的影响因素研究进展[J]. 医学综述,2021,27(12):2391-2396.
[2] Wang J, Han Y, Musch DC, et al.Evaluation and follow-up of myopia prevalence among school-aged children subsequent to the COVID-19 home confinement in Feicheng, China[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2023, 141(4): 333-340.
[3] 周佳,马迎华,马军,等. 中国6省市中小学生近视流行现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(1):29-34.
[4] 王婷婷,林艺,王晓婷,等. 乌鲁木齐市不同民族初中生近视影响因素调查[J]. 中国学校卫生,2014,35(6):877-880.
[5] 史浩楠,王婷婷,刘晓静,等. 乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视患病率及影响因素[J]. 职业与健康,2021,37(14):1968-1972.
[6] 史浩楠. 2012年与2019年乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视患病率对比及影响因素分析[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2021.
[7] Shi H, Fu J, Liu X, et al.Influence of the interaction between parental myopia and poor eye habits when reading and writing and poor reading posture on prevalence of myopia in school students in Urumqi, China[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2021, 21: 299-308.
[8] 国家疾病预防控制局. 《儿童青少年近视防控适宜技术指南》(更新版)[EB/OL]. (2021-10-11)[2024-08-26]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/c100062/202110/a05ccaf5773a436486d2d79b59c0a5e9.shtml.
[9] Leighton RE, Breslin KM, Richardson P, et al.Relative peripheral hyperopia leads to greater short-term axial length growth in White children with myopia[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2023, 43(5): 985-996.
[10] Fatima K.Refractive errors in children attending ophthalmology clinic of a teaching institute in South India[J]. Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2022, 8(3): 374-377.
[11] Xu R, Zhong P, Jan C, et al.Sex disparity in myopia explained by puberty among Chinese adolescents from 1995 to 2014: A nationwide cross-sectional study[J]. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 833960.
[12] Demir P, Baskaran K, Theagarayan B, et al.Refractive error, axial length, environmental and hereditary factors associated with myopia in Swedish children[J]. Clin Exp Optom, 2021, 104(5): 595-601.
[13] 史浩楠,王婷婷,刘晓静,等. 乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视遗传度调查[J]. 教育生物学杂志,2021,9(4):282-285.
[14] Ma Y, Lin S, Zhu J, et al.Effect of parental myopia on change in refraction in Shanghai preschoolers: A 1-year prospective study[J]. Front Pediatr, 2022, 10: 864233.
[15] Plainis S, Ktistakis E, Sapountzis P, et al.Modelling changes in the prevalence of childhood myopia[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2023, 43(4): 798-804.
[16] Strickland R, Landis EG, Pardue MT.Short-wavelength (violet) light protects mice from myopia through cone signaling[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2020, 61(2): 13.
[17] Qi LS, Yao L, Wang XF, et al.Risk factors for incident myopia among teenaged students of the experimental class of the air force in China[J]. J Ophthalmol, 2019, 2019: 3096152.
[18] Biswas S, El Kareh A, Qureshi M, et al.The influence of the environment and lifestyle on myopia[J]. J Physiol Anthropol, 2024, 43(1): 7.

乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视影响因素分析

Risk factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	刘燕辉, 陈颖君, 戴颖诗, 罗颖琪, 赵红霞, 杨帆, 刘改生, 蒋柳权, 陈青松. 煤矿职工2型糖尿病患病现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 378-384.
[2]	贾琰, 郭哲伟, 闫沁男, 张洪达, 李龙宇. 深圳地区造纸行业噪声作业人群听力损失及影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 390-395.
[3]	张兆高, 董华, 徐睿, 徐丽华, 陈天会, 田丹, 朱红. 嘉定区0~3岁婴幼儿舌系带过短患病现状及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 413-417.
[4]	全立元, 张丽君, 黄伟. 秦皇岛地区支气管哮喘青少年生存质量现状调查分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 422-426.
[5]	于艳苹, 牛逸潇, 武钦青, 周晓彤, 李丽萍, 左培军. 汕头市中学生伤害及其相关健康危险行为分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 451-454.
[6]	张梦佳, 王宏, 朱希倩, 王佳, 孙祖贤, 冯建秀, 姜敏敏. 上海市杨浦区6~12岁学龄儿童屈光不正与戴镜情况的现状分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 455-458.
[7]	于侠, 李文莲, 陈晓旦, 肖凌峰, 蒋永利. 社区获得性肺炎病原菌耐药性监测结果分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 463-466.
[8]	叶少英, 吴孟雄, 胡杨, 王锡波, 池月云, 罗芳, 王剑莉. 广东省城乡居民健康素养监测现状及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(4): 480-483.
[9]	张冬梅, 高婷婷. 老年高血压患者抑郁潜在特征分析及其影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(3): 272-275.
[10]	黄淑玲, 王雨浩, 徐璐瑶, 张昭, 卢锦意, 李旭东. 职业性尘肺病患者情绪状态影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(3): 288-292.
[11]	兰图, 刘晓, 李爽乐. 自贡市中小学生视疲劳现状及相关因素调查[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(3): 298-302.
[12]	冯小芬, 黄少娟, 陈润惠, 刘小梅, 陈兰芳, 钱丽英, 郑少红, 肖慧霞, 潘钰霞. 2022年佛山地区医疗机构住院患者满意度及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(3): 328-331.
[13]	史建鑫, 屈建双, 郭东启, 高飞, 梁丽伟, 郭浩强. 重症监护室医护人员应急能力及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(3): 336-339.
[14]	李凤娟, 王丽茹, 刘晶晶, 许凤鸣, 王旭, 王延鑫, 张书芳. 2021年河南省学生早餐现况[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(3): 348-352.
[15]	李楠, 李斌, 赖郑都, 杜志成. 2018—2022广东省某诊断机构职业性中暑流行特征及预后影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(3): 353-355.