Objective To investigate the association between visceral adiposity index （VAI） and blood glucose variation in the prediabetic population through a cohort study. Methods Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS）, middle-aged and elderly Prediabetic people who participated in the baseline survey in 2011 and follow-up in 2015 were included. The association between VAI and the development to diabetes or the return to normoglycemia in the prediabetic population was analyzed by multiple logistic regression model. Results During follow-up, 309 （14.29%） developed to diabetes, 1 369 （63.29%） remained prediabetes, and 485 （22.42%） returned to normoglycemia. After adjusting for covariates, multiple logistic regression showed that the risk of development to diabetes increased by 6% for every standard deviation increase in VAI; compared with Q₄ （2.76-35.31） group, Q₁ （0.03-0.93）, Q₂ （0.94-1.54）, and Q₃ （1.55-2.75） groups all reduced the risk of diabetes, and the values of OR and 95% CI were （0.51, 95% CI： 0.35-0.74）, （0.53, 95% CI： 0.37-0.75）, and （0.69, 95% CI： 0.49-0.97）, respectively; only the Q₁ （0.03-0.93） group increased the probability of returning to normoglycemia （OR=1.43, 95% CI： 1.04 - 1.95）.Conclusions VAI is strongly associated with the development of prediabetes, only low VAI increases the probability of returning to normoglycemia.

Objective To analyze the prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and disability adjusted life years （DALYs） of thyroid carcinoma in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019 and their trends. Methods The standardized prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and DALYs rate of thyroid carcinoma in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed which were based on 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study（GBD 2019） database. Joinpoint software was used to analyze the trend of standardized rate and calculate the average annual percentage change （AAPC）. Results From 1990 to 2019 in Jiangsu Province, the standardized prevalence of thyroid carcinoma increased from 5.22/10⁵ to 14.68/10⁵, the standardized morbidity increased from 0.84/10⁵ to 1.80/10⁵, the standardized mortality decreased from 0.35/10⁵ to 0.28/10⁵, and the standardized DALYs rate decreased from 8.34/10⁵ to 6.91/10⁵. The standardized prevalence and morbidity showed an upward trend （AAPC=3.6%, P<0.05; AAPC=2.9%, P<0.05）, the rising trends were showed in both females and males, males were higher than females. The standardized mortality and DALYs rate showed a downward trend in whole population （AAPC=-0.9%, P<0.05; AAPC=-0.6%, P<0.05）, females were as same as the whole population, but males were opposite which were still increasing. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019 in Jiangsu Province, the standardized prevalence and morbidity of thyroid carcinoma were on the rise, while the standardized mortality and DALYs rate had been falling. The standardized prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and DALYs rate of male patients all demonstrated the rising trends, which should be paid more attention to.

Objective To investigate the changes and influencing factors of mobile phone addiction among adolescents before and after the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods From December 6 to 20, 2019, and March 20 to 28, 2020, 3 124 students from a junior college, a secondary vocational school, and a high school in a city of Guangdong Province were surveyed by questionnaire. The changes in mobile phone addiction before and after the epidemic were compared based on propensity score matching, and a nomogram of mobile phone addiction among adolescents was constructed based on multivariate logistic regression. Results After propensity score matching, 1 236 students were matched before and after the epidemic respectively. The score of the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale （MPATS） for adolescents during the epidemic period was （39.28±10.03）, which was higher than that before the epidemic （37.03±10.45） （P<0.01）. The scores of MPATS during the epidemic period were higher in adolescents of different genders, different places of origin, non-only children, secondary school students, and with monthly living expenses less than 1 000 yuan than before the epidemic （P<0.01 or P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urban students （OR=1.45）, secondary school students （OR=2.06）, often stay up late surfing by mobile phone （OR=2.36）, always stay online longer than expected （OR=2.08）, monthly mobile internet costs more （OR=1.47, 1.44, 2.25） increased the risk of mobile phone addiction among adolescents, while shorter daily accumulated time on mobile phone internet （OR=0.66, 0.70） reduced the risk of mobile phone addiction among adolescents. Based on the above factors, a nomogram model of adolescent mobile phone addiction risk was constructed, with AUC=0.72. Conclusions Compared with before the epidemic, the score and proportion of adolescents with mobile phone addiction increased during the epidemic period. The factors affecting adolescents with mobile phone addiction include their place of origin, education level, staying up late, online time, monthly spending on mobile phone internet, and daily accumulated time on mobile phone internet. Intervention measures should be taken to prevent the excessive use of mobile phones from causing adverse effects on adolescents.

Objective To study the awareness of mpox and analyze the related factors among Chinese people at present, to provide the scientific basis for targeted publicity and education. Methods The questionnaire was designed using a brainstorming and consulting literature method, and the participants were recruited through an electronic questionnaire published on the Internet, which included general demographic characteristics, concerns about the mpox epidemics, and knowledge about mpox. Results In this study, a total of 10 556 subjects were recruited nationwide and the overall awareness rate of mpox was 81.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people aged 20-<35 years （OR=1.33） and 35-<50 years （OR=1.38）, married （OR=1.39）, divorced or widowed （OR=1.79）, students （OR=2.55）, cadres/enterprise/public institution personnel （OR=2.05）, workers （OR=2.01）, self-employed households （OR=2.40）, had monthly income/living expenses of 2 500-<5 000 yuan （OR=1.72）, 5 000-<10 000 yuan （OR=1.63）, and more than 10 000 yuan （OR=1.33）, with a master's degree or above （OR=1.50）, homosexual （OR=1.36） had a higher awareness rate of mpox; people with uncertain sexual orientation （OR=0.40）, uncertain attitude （OR=0.64） and no confidence （OR=0.49） towards the prevention and control of mpox, and did not actively learn about mpox （OR=0.22） had a low awareness rate of mpox. In addition, 60.4% would like to learn about mpox through professional news media and 53.7% through social media. Conclusion The general public knowledge of mpox is good, but at this stage, it is still necessary to adopt multiple measures to formulate individualized population-popularization and education strategies, to improve public awareness of mpox prevention and control.

Objective To establish a rat model of gestational insulin resistance similar to human gestational diabetes mellitus by feeding a high-fat diet. Methods Twelve SPF-grade unproductive female SD rats were randomly divided into a normal diet group （NP group） and a high-fat diet group （HP group）. Before and after pregnancy, the NP group was fed with a normal diet, while the HP group with a high-fat diet. The body weight and blood glucose were measured before dietary intervention, during pregestational high-fat diet period, and during pregnancy. Fasting glucose tolerance test was performed on the 18^th day of pregnancy. Results On the 5^th, 12^th, and 18^th day of pregnancy, fasting blood glucose in HP group was significantly higher than that in NP group （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. The blood glucose in HP group was significantly higher than that in NP group at all time points of oral glucose tolerance test （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. The levels of insulin, insulin resistance index, free fatty acid, low density cholesterol, and triglyceride in HP group were significantly higher than those in NP group on the 18^th day of pregnancy （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. Conclusions In the SD rat model of gestational diabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat diet, the blood glucose of pregnant rats increased from early pregnancy and maintained highly until late pregnancy, and there was obvious insulin resistance. These characteristics were similar to the pathogenesis of human gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment （MCI） among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in community. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey on elderly T2DM patients aged 60 years and above in communities of Weifang City, and a Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） was used to screen MCI patients. Based on the health ecological aspect, stratified logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the occurrence of MCI in five aspects： individual characteristics, individual behavioral characteristics, interpersonal network, working and living environment, and policy environment. Results A total of 2 782 elderly T2DM patients in Weifang City were included, and 286 cases （10.28%） were diagnosed with MCI. Stratified logistic regression analysis showed that 70-79 years old（OR=1.432）, overweight or obese （OR=0.688, 0.584）, and comorbidities hypertension or hyperlipidemia （OR=1.880, 1.930, 1.953） among individual characteristics, exercise （OR=0.668） among individual behavioral characteristics, middle school education （OR=0.633） and retirement （OR=0.474） in working and living environment, and low economic level of residence （OR=1.409） in policy environment were associated with MCI among elderly T2DM patients in community. Conclusions The incidence of MCI is high in elderly T2DM patients in community, and its influencing factors are multi-layered. The intervention of patients should be strengthened from individual to environmental factors to delay or prevent the progression of MCI to dementia.

Objective To investigate the injury status and related behaviors among children and adolescents in Baoding, and to provide a reference for preventing children and adolescents from injury. Methods From December 2020 to February 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the injury status and related behaviors of children and adolescents in eight communities under different jurisdictions in Baoding. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the injury status of children and adolescents, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis methods were used to determine the related risk behaviors. Results A total of 3 788 children and adolescents were analyzed. The incidence of injuries was 5.91%. The top three causes of injury were falling or tripping, accounting for 27.68% （62/224）, bruising or scraping, accounting for 19.64% （44/224）, and stabbing or cutting, accounting for 16.96% （38/224）. The top three types of injury were torsion/strain, accounting for 25.89% （58/224）, abrasion, accounting for 22.32% （50/224）, and cutting/biting, accounting for 19.64% （44/224）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender （OR=1.713）, age （OR=0.321）, residence （OR=1.440）, physical exercise （OR=0.941）, violent behavior （OR=2.983）, traffic safety behavior （OR=0.640）, internet addiction （OR=1.539）, safety education behavior （OR=0.387） were the influencing factors of injury among children and adolescents in Baoding. Conclusions Injuries to children and adolescents in Baoding are often caused by falls, scrapes or scratches, knives or sharp instruments, and injury-related behaviors are multidimensional. Education about injury-related behaviors in children and adolescents should be enhanced, and children and adolescents should be instructed to strengthen physical exercise, improve traffic safety awareness, and reduce violence, internet addiction and other bad behaviors to reduce the occurrence of injuries.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of coronary plaque stability in patients with coronary heart disease in Beijing. Methods The study subjects were patients with coronary heart disease admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, and Beijing Sijiqing Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. According to the results of optical coherence tomography （OCT） examination, patients were divided into plaque unstable group and plaque stable group. Univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to explore the influencing factors of coronary plaque stability in patients with coronary heart disease. Results A total of 2 116 patients with coronary heart disease were included, including 1 388 males and 728 females; aged 39-85 years, with an average age of （65.97 ± 9.16） years. There were 1 429 patients ≥ 60 years old and 687 patients<60 years old. The duration of coronary heart disease was 6-73 months, with a median duration of 42 months. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=7.178）, smoking （OR=4.162）, blood uric acid level （OR=3.850）, LDL-C （OR=3.228）, C-reactive protein （OR=4.577）, fibrinogen （OR=5.083）, homocysteine （OR=4.112）, cystatin C level （OR=3.124）, secondary preventive drug use （OR=0.215）, low-fat diet intervention （OR=0.274）, weekly exercise<3 times （OR=3.983）, and sleep time<6 h （OR=3.838） were influencing factors for coronary plaque stability in patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusion The coronary plaque stability in patients with coronary heart disease is affected by their age, smoking, blood uric acid level, secondary preventive drug use, low-fat diet intervention, exercise, sleep, plasma low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and cystatin C levels.

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of emergency rescue for public health emergencies among medical staff at public hospitals in Dongying City, and analyze their influencing factors. Methods Medical staff from eight public hospitals in Dongying City were selected by stratified random sampling method. The basic information of medical staff was collected by questionnaire survey, and the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to public health emergencies were investigated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of each dimension score of medical staff. Results Among 1 246 medical staff, the scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of emergency rescue were （77.94±9.61）, （25.84±2.58）, and （27.84±5.30） respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age （β´=0.156, 0.148）, secondary hospital （β´=0.137, 0.086）, tertiary hospital （β´=0.364, 0.276）, doctors （β´=0.630, 0.475）, nurses （β´=0.503, 0.394）, internal medicine department （β´=0.552, 0.400）, surgery department （β´=0.531, 0.440）, emergency department （β´=0.331, 0.235）, pediatrics （β´=0.288, 0.236）, gynaecology and obstetrics （β´=0.304, 0.240）, junior title （β´=0.471, 0.403）, intermediate title （β´=0.501, 0.428）, senior title （β´=0.402, 0.367）, emergency rescue experience （β´=0.232, 0.331）, and emergency rescue training or exercise experience （β´=0.099, 0.189） were the factors influencing knowledge and practice scores （P<0.01 or P<0.05）. Age （β´=0.103）, emergency rescue experience （β´=0.367）, and emergency rescue training or exercise experience （β´=0.452） were the influencing factors of attitude score （all P<0.01）. Conclusions Medical staff at public hospitals in Dongying City have a high level of attitude of emergency rescue for public health emergencies, and there is room for improvement in knowledge and practice. The scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice in emergency rescue are affected by many factors, such as age, hospital grade, position, and department.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the occurrence and outcome of polypoid lesion of gallbladder. Methods The patients with polypoid lesion of gallbladder hospitalized in Quanjiao County People's Hospital were randomly selected as the case group. The patients without polypoid lesion of gallbladder who were hospitalized in the hospital treatment center at the same time were selected as the control group according to the principle of the same sex and age ±3 years old. The questionnaire survey included personal basic information, smoking and drinking, history, etc. Univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence and outcome of polypoid lesion of gallbladder. Results There were 1 371 cases in the case group and the control group, respectively, with an average age of （57.69±6.89） years in the case group and （57.75±7.26） years in the control group. The ratio of male to female in both groups was 1:0.68. There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups （t=0.593, χ²=0.00, both P>0.05）. There were no significant differences in marital status, education level, and average monthly family income between the two groups （all P>0.05）. Among 1 371 patients with polypoid lesion of gallbladder, 852 patients had a good prognosis, with an average age of （53.47±6.84） years, and 519 patients had a poor prognosis, with an average age of （64.62±7.18） years. There was a statistically significant difference in age between the two groups （P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Han nationality （OR=1.925）, overweight and obesity （OR=1.235）, hypertension （OR=2.614）, diabetes （OR=1.551）, gallstone （OR=1.473）, history of cholecystitis （OR=1.519）, and anti-HBc positive （OR=2.821） were independent risk factors for polypoid lesion of gallbladder. Age （OR=1.711）, male （OR=1.474）, overweight and obesity （OR=1.220）, diabetes （OR=1.560）, dyslipidemia （OR=2.620）, and anti-HBc positive （OR=3.001） were independent risk factors for the outcome of polypoid lesion of gallbladder. Conclusion Polypoid lesion of gallbladder is affected by ethnicity, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and anti-HBc, and there are significant differences in clinical outcomes among patients with different characteristics.

Objective To investigate the status of myopia among school-age children in Mengcheng region and analyze its influencing factors. Methods In March 2023, stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select students from grades 2 to 6 in two primary schools in Mengcheng County （three classes in each grade） for this study. Vision screening was conducted by far vision and refractive examination, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the factors affecting myopia. The status of myopia of school-age children in Mengcheng region was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis, and the influencing factors of myopia were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results This study conducted a questionnaire survey and visual acuity examination on 1 675 students in grades 2 to 6, aged 7-12 years, with an average age of （9.63±1.71） years, including 829 boys and 846 girls. A total of 645 cases of myopia were screened, the myopia rate was 38.51% （645/1 675）, of which 354 cases were mild myopia, accounting for 54.88%, 232 cases were moderate myopia, accounting for 35.97%, and 59 cases were severe myopia, accounting for 9.15%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that girls （OR=1.412）, parental myopia （OR=1.990, 6.683）, residing in urban areas （OR=1.810）, reading electronic products or books while lying/walking/driving （OR=4.179）, watching electronic devices with the lights off （OR=3.274）, parents with supervision and reminders （OR=0.516）, screen time （OR=8.348）, daily outdoor activity time （OR=5.867）, smoking exposure （OR=2.539）, the frequency of class seat exchange （OR=0.489）, and participation in extracurricular interest classes （OR=7.264） were influencing factors for the occurrence of myopia among school-age children in Mengcheng region. Conclusions The status of myopia among school-age children in Mengcheng region is not optimistic, and girls, parental myopia, place of residence, bad eye habits, parental reminders, screen time, daily outdoor activity time, smoking exposure, frequency of class seat changes, and participation in extracurricular interest classes are influencing factors for myopia. Prevention and screening should be strengthened based on various factors to reduce the incidence of myopia.

Objective To investigate the effects of thrombin combined with somatostatin on inflammatory factors, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods Patients who received thrombin combined with somatostatin treatment were selected as the observation group, and patients who did not receive thrombin treatment were selected as the control group. The hemostatic effect after treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors, coagulation index and fibrinolysis index before and after treatment, and the occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, TT, PT, FIB, and D-D in the two groups decreased, and the levels of the above indexes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The differences of the above indexes before and after treatment in the observation group were greater than those in the control group （all P<0.01）. After treatment, the levels of serum IL-2, APTT, t-PA,APTT and PAI in the two groups increased, and the levels of the above indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （all P<0.01）. The differences of the above indexes before and after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion For patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, the combination of thrombin and somatostatin has better efficacy, which can effectively control the level of inflammatory factors, improve coagulation function and vascular fibrinolysis state, and has high safety.

Objective To analyze the results of allergen specific IgE （sIgE） detection and the characteristics of allergens in pediatric patients with respiratory allergic diseases in Beijing. Method A descriptive analysis was conducted on the characteristics and allergen status of children diagnosed with respiratory allergic diseases who underwent allergen sIgE testing from three hospitals in Beijing from October 2019 to September 2022. Results The positive rate of inhaled allergen sIgE was 36.00%, while the positive rate of food allergen sIgE was 22.00%, the difference was statistically significant （P<0.01）. The top five positive rates of inhaled allergen sIgE were house dust mites, dust mites, mugwort, cat fur shavings, and German cockroaches, with sIgE positive rates of 16.98%, 15.00%, 14.09%, 7.32%, and 6.41%. The top five positive rates of food allergen sIgE were chicken protein, milk, cod/lobster/scallop, Brazilian walnut, and shrimp, with sIgE positive rates of 7.00%, 6.68%, 5.28%, 2.71%, and 2.03%. Among inhaled allergens, except for mugwort, humulus, and house dust, there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among children with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis with asthma （all P<0.01）. Among food allergens, except for cod/lobster/scallop, there were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among children with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis with asthma （all P>0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among the 19 allergens of different genders （all P>0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among the 10 inhaled allergens among children of different age groups （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Except for cod/lobster/scallop in food allergens, there were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE among children of different age groups （all P>0.05）. Compared the positive rates of allergen sIgE among different seasons, there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of inhaled allergens except for house dust （all P<0.01）, while there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of Brazilian walnut and crab sIgE among food allergens （all P<0.01）. Conclusion The major allergens that are sIgE positive in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Beijing are house dust mites, dust mites, mugwort, cat fur shavings, and chicken protein, and the sIgE positive rates of allergens are significantly different among children with different respiratory allergic diseases and at different ages, but there are no significant differences in the sIgE positive rates of allergens between genders.