Abstract: Objective To explore current situation and relevant influencing factors of low motor constitution among primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou City, so as to provide scientific evidence for making effective interventions. Methods Students between the fourth-grade in primary school and the third-grade in senior high school, who have participated in the National Physical Health Survey of Students in Guangzhou City, were selected from 12 monitoring schools (3 middle schools and 3 primary schools, each from both urban and rural area) to conduct tests of height, weight, and motor constitution. "Questionnaire for National Physical Health Survey of Students in 2010" was adopted for this survey. Students whose velocity, explosive force, muscular endurance, endurance running, and body flexibility were lower than the average value of those at the same gender and age were determined as the low motor constitution group. Unconditioned logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the motor constitution of the students. Results A total of 3 846 students aged 9-18 years were surveyed. Of them, 969 boys and 947 girls were from the city, and 954 boys and 976 girls were from the rural area. The ratio of low motor constitution was 9.88% (380/3 846) for the students in Guangdong City, of which, 11.65% (224/1 923) was for male students and 8.11% (156/1 923) for female ones; 11.85% (227/1 916) for urban students and 7.93% (153/1 930) for rural ones (both P<0.01). The analysis of unconditioned logistic regression indicated that the protective factors for low motor constitution were female, rural area, and seriously doing exercise between classes (OR: 0.63,0.65, 0.80); the risk factors were overweight, a weekly physical classes ≥ 3, unwillingness to take physical education classes, and reluctance in long-distance running (OR: 2.80, 1.31, 1.67, 1.40). Conclusion To improve the active willingness to do physical exercise, ensure appropriate amount of exercise load, and weight control is an effective way for students to improve their motor constitution and strengthen their physical physique.