Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyze the changes in blood glucose and the influencing factors of hypoglycemia in neonates born to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）. Methods Pregnant women with GDM who had established obstetric records and delivered in a hospital in Langfang City from January 2019 to October 2022 and their neonates were selected by convenient sampling method. The data of pregnant women and their neonates were collected after delivery using a self‐made information collection table. The levels of serum fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and urinary microalbumin of pregnant women were measured before delivery, and the blood glucose levels of neonates were measured at 15 min, 24 hours, and 48 hours after delivery. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the incidence of hypoglycemia in neonates, and univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on its related factors. Results A total of 1 054 pairs of pregnant women with GDM and their neonates were included, 238 neonates suffered from hypoglycemia, with an incidence rate of 22.58%. The changes in blood glucose levels of neonates at 15 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after delivery showed a gradual upward trend （P<0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that poor blood glucose control of pregnant women （OR=1.872）, overweight or obesity before pregnancy （OR=2.418）, gestational hypertension （OR=1.570）, insufficient lactation （OR=3.330）, premature birth （OR=3.196）, low birth weight （OR=1.970）, low body temperature （OR=4.246）, and asphyxia （OR=2.724） were all independent risk factors for hypoglycemia in neonates born to pregnant women with GDM. Conclusions The blood glucose level of neonates born to pregnant women with GDM gradually increased at 15 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after delivery. The risk factors for hypoglycemia include poor blood glucose control of pregnant women, overweight or obesity before pregnancy, gestational hypertension, insufficient lactation, premature birth, low birth weight, low body temperature, and asphyxia.

Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Pregnant women, Neonate, Hypoglycemia, Influencing factor