Objective To investigate the detection status of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and related risk factors in the adult health examination population in Shanghai. Methods Adults who underwent physical examination in Huadong Sanatorium from January to December 2020 were selected as the research objects, and their basic data and physical examination results were collected. The Logistic regression model was used to analyze the possible risk factors of NAFLD. Results A total of 14 346 healthy people were included, including 7 623 males and 6 723 females, aged 18-90 years, with an average of （46.04 ± 11.97） years. A total of 5 567 cases of NAFLD were detected, with a detection rate of 38.8%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that females were at less risk of NAFLD than males （OR=0.623）. The risk of NAFLD was higher in those with each increase of 1 year in age （OR=1.036）, central obesity （OR=1.403）, a meat-based diet or a diet high in sugar and salt （OR=1.713）, dyslipidemia （OR=3.433）, high fasting glucose （OR=3.664）, abnormal liver function （OR=4.403）, hypertension （OR=1.936）, and high uric acid （OR=2.712）. Conclusion The detection rate of NAFLD in adult health examination population in Shanghai is high. Male, age increase, central obesity, a meat-based diet or a diet high in sugar and salt, abnormal liver function, high fasting glucose, dyslipidemia, high uric acid, and hypertension are the risk factors for NAFLD.

Objective To investigate and analyze the compliance of self‐blood glucose monitoring and chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） patients under community chronic disease management in Nanning. Methods A total of 1 000 T2DM patients who had established electronic health records in local community health service institutions before 2019 were selected. All of the above cases began to implement community chronic disease management after the establishment of electronic health records. The compliance of self‐blood glucose monitoring and the occurrence of chronic complications were evaluated, and the relationship between them was analyzed. The factors that affect the compliance of self‐blood glucose monitoring and the occurrence of chronic complications in T2DM patients under community chronic disease management were analyzed. Results Among 1 000 T2DM patients under community chronic disease management, 456 patients had poor compliance with self‐blood glucose monitoring （45.60%）, and 544 patients had good compliance with self‐blood glucose monitoring （54.40%）; Chronic complications occurred in 444 cases （44.40%）, mainly including diabetes neuropathy, diabetes retinopathy, and diabetes nephropathy. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the duration of disease ≥ 10 years （OR=4.165）, education level of primary school and below （OR=3.591）, and family monthly income<5 000 yuan （OR=3.522） were risk factors for poor compliance of self blood glucose monitoring of type 2 diabetes patients in community chronic disease management in Nanning. Age 60~78 years old （OR=5.586）, course of disease ≥ 10 years （OR=5.511）, combined chronic disease （OR=4.238）, BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m² （OR=4.585）, poor self blood glucose monitoring compliance （OR=1.225） were the risk factors affecting chronic complications of type 2 diabetes patients in community chronic disease management in Nanning. Conclusions The T2DM patients under community chronic disease management still have poor compliance of self‐blood glucose monitoring, which has a certain risk of chronic complications. Their compliance of self‐blood glucose monitoring are related to the occurrence of chronic complications.

Objective To investigate the status of myopia of children and adolescents in Sichuan Province, and to explore its related factors. Methods Schools in 168 districts （counties） in 21 cities （prefections） of Sichuan Province were selected as monitoring sites. At least 80 students from each school in each grade were selected for visual screening. Students in grade 4 and above of primary schools were required to conduct a questionnaire survey. The influencing factors of myopia were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 286 472 children and adolescents were included in the study, with primary school students accounting for 44.99% and middle and high school students accounting for 48.69%. The incidence of myopia in children and adolescents was 51.42% （147 305/286 472）, and increased with the length of the grade. Girl （OR=1.329）, economically disadvantaged areas （OR=1.092）, senior grade （OR=2.168, 2.826）, seat change frequency ≥1/month （OR=1.297, 1.305, 1.319）, the average daily homework time in the past week ≥1 h （OR=1.106, 1.254, 1.346）, use of mobile electronic devices in the past week （OR=1.094）, frequent or occasional reading the electronic screen in direct sunlight （OR=1.184, 1.082）, frequent or occasionally reading a book or electronic screen lying down or on the stomach （OR=1.211, 1.107）, and both parents or one myopia （OR=2.375, 1.890） were risk factors for myopia in children and adolescents. Regional economy medium （OR=0.842）, the non‐Han nationality （OR=0.580）, frequency of adjusting the height of desks and chairs ≥1 time per year （OR=0.926, 0.936, 0.909）, daily eye exercises ≥2 times （OR=0.914, 0.857）, outdoor activities during recess （OR=0.755）, watching TV every day in the past week （OR=0.968, 0.906, 0.893, 0.827, 0.762） were protective factors for myopia in children and adolescents. Conclusions The incidence of myopia in children and adolescents in Sichuan Province is slightly lower than the national level but increases obviously with the increase of grade. It is necessary to strengthen myopia monitoring and intervention, especially in preschool children and girls.

Objective To explore the effects of different management modes on self‐management ability and blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Methods Patients with T2DM diagnosed in a tertiary hospital in Suzhou from October 2019 to August 2022 were selected and divided into standard group and intensive group according to the random number table method, and then further divided into simple intensive group and comprehensive group according to the willingness of the intensive group. According to the health management service specification for T2DM patients, the standardized management, intensive management, and comprehensive management of diabetes were designed. The Chinese version of the Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities （SDSCA） and the Diabetes Specific Quality of Life （DSQL） were used to evaluate the self‐management ability and quality of life of patients before and 6 months after management, and blood glucose control was compared. Results A total of 1 598 T2DM patients were included, including 752 patients in the standard group, 524 patients in the simple intensive group, and 322 patients in the comprehensive group. After 6 months of management, fasting blood glucose （FBG） and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose （2hPG） levels in 3 groups were decreased, and FBG and 2hPG levels in comprehensive group were lower than those in simple intensive group and standard group （all P<0.01）. The compliance rate of blood glucose control in standard group was 29.92% （225/752）, simple intensive group was 30.15% （158/524）, and comprehensive group was 30.75% （99/322）, there was no statistically significant difference （χ²=0.073, P>0.05）. The scores of all dimensions and total score of SDSCA in three groups were increased, while the scores of all dimensions and total score of DSQL were decreased, and the scores of the comprehensive group were better than those of the simple intensive group and the standard group （all P<0.01）. Conclusion The comprehensive management of T2DM patients is more conducive to improving their self‐management ability and has a positive impact on blood glucose compliance, thereby improving their quality of life.

Objective To explore the incidence and influencing factors of postherpetic neuralgia （PHN） in Xiangyang City. Methods Patients with herpes zoster who were hospitalized in three tertiary hospitals in Xiangyang City from January to December 2021 were selected as the subjects. General data of patients was collected through a questionnaire survey. The occurrence of PHN was analyzed by descriptive analysis method, and the influencing factors of PHN in patients with herpes zoster were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 2 175 patients with herpes zoster were included in this study, of which 441 patients developed PHN, with an incidence rate of 20.28%. Among them, there were 80 patients with mild pain, accounting for 18.14%; 288 patients with moderate pain, accounting for 65.31%; 73 patients with severe pain, accounting for 16.55%. Multivariate analysis showed that ageing （OR=1.040）, trigeminal nerve involvement （OR=2.078）, abnormal CD4+/CD8+ ratio （OR=2.680）, skin lesion area≥5% （OR=1.735）, secondary bacterial infection in skin lesions （OR=1.987）, time from onset to first diagnosis ≥5 days （OR=2.124）, diabetes （OR=1.520）, anxiety （OR=3.819）, and sleep disorders （OR=1.528） were risk factors for PHN in patients with herpes zoster. Conclusions The incidence of PHN in patients with herpes zoster in Xiangyang City is relatively high. Age, trigeminal nerve involvement, abnormal CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and skin lesion area ≥5% are the factors affecting the occurrence of PHN. Patients with herpes zoster should seek medical attention in a timely manner, adopt standardized treatment, and prevent the occurrence of PHN.

Objective To study the incidence of hyponatremia in hospitalized children after maintenance solution treatment and analyze the influencing factors on the occurrence of hyponatremia in children. Methods A prospective and observational study was conducted to include children hospitalized in the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from January 2021 to January 2023 who needed at least 24 hours of intravenous maintenance solution with more than half of their physiological requirements. Baseline data, clinical indicators, and test indicators were collected to analyze the incidence of hyponatremia and its influencing factors. Results A total of 111 children were enrolled, including 40 cases of central nervous system disease, 14 cases of respiratory disease, 25 cases of gastrointestinal disease, 20 cases of hematological tumor diseases, and 12 cases of sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The incidence of hyponatremia was 27.9% （31/111）, with mild hyponatremia being 23.4% （26/111） and moderate hyponatremia being 4.5% （5/111）。 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher copeptin level （medium level OR=146.528, high level OR=524.775） and severity or critical ill state （OR=7.732） were risk factors for hyponatremia, while higher total solution tension （1/2-3/4 tension OR=0.014, ≥3/4 tension OR=0.004） was a protective factor for hyponatremia （all P<0.05）。 The contingency table analysis showed that the incidence of hyponatremia was lower in children with low level of copeptin or higher level of maintenance solution tension （≥1/2 tension）, which were 1.8% （1/56） and 6.3% （2/32）, respectively. Conclusion The incidence of hyponatremia is high in hospitalized children who require maintenance solution treatment for more than 24 hours, and the use of higher tension maintenance solution （total solution tension ≥1/2） is recommended, especially for children with high copeptin levels.

Objective To investigate the oral health status of children aged 6-12 years in Beijing and its influencing factors, and to provide information basis for the effective implementation of oral health care for children. Methods Children aged 6-12 years from three districts of Beijing （Shijingshan District, Mentougou District, and Haidian District） were selected as subjects by multi‐stage stratified cluster sampling method from April to May 2022. The oral health status of the subjects was investigated according to the diagnostic criteria of the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiological Investigation. Results A total of 11 844 children aged 6-12 years were investigated in this study, including 6 151 boys （51.93%） and 5 693 girls （48.07%）. There were 6 091 children with oral health problems （51.43%）, dental caries detection rate 40.16%,caries filling rate 15.75%, pit and fissure sealing rate 4.29%, gingival bleeding detection rate 47.14%, dental calculus detection rate 40.11%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=0.209）, less brushing times （OR=7.396）, regular oral examination （OR=1.499）, higher frequency of eating sweets （OR=1.319）, cleaning teeth after meals （OR=0.267）, parental supervision of brushing （OR=0.230）, and parental culture the higher the degree （OR=0.305） was an independent factor of oral health problems in children aged 6-12 years. Conclusions The incidence of dental caries in children aged 6-12 years in Beijing is high but the filling rate is low, gingival bleeding and dental calculus detection rate are high, and the oral health status is not optimistic. Age, the frequency of brushing, whether to check the oral cavity regularly, the frequency of eating sweets, and the situation of brushing supervised by parents are all independent factors affecting oral health in children aged 6-12 years, which should be paid attention to by parents and society.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of impulsive‐aggressive behavior in patients with bipolar affective disorder, and to provide reference for formulating effective intervention measures and reducing impulsive‐aggressive behavior in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Methods The patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder at a specialized hospital in Nanjing City from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the subjects, and the Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS） was used to evaluate their impulsive‐aggressive behavior. The demographic data （gender, age, education level, and living pattern）, disease characteristics （onset form, disease classification, initial/recurrence, pre‐onset stress events, and insight）, and biological examination indicators [creatine kinase （CK）, creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK‐MB）, and brain electrical activity mapping] of patients were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of impulsive‐aggressive behavior in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Results Among the 1 028 patients with bipolar affective disorder, 194 （18.87%） had impulsive‐aggressive behavior. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that disease classification （OR=0.163）, initial/recurrence （OR=1.972）, pre‐onset stress events （OR=2.115）, insight （OR=2.980）, CK （OR=1.355）, and brain electrical activity mapping （OR=2.395） were influencing factors of impulsive‐aggressive behavior in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Conclusions Patients with bipolar affective disorder have a high risk of impulsive‐aggressive behavior. Bipolar disorder type I, recurrence, pre‐onset stress events, insight impairment, CK > upper limit, and abnormal brain electrical activity mapping will increase the impulsive‐aggressive behavior of patients with bipolar affective disorder. Effective intervention measures can be taken in advance to reduce impulsive‐aggressive behavior according to the individual situation of patients with bipolar affective disorder.

Objective To explore the arrhythmia status and its related influencing factors in the physical examination population of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of arrhythmia. Methods The study focuses on the population who underwent a physical examination at a tertiary hospital in Beijing from January 2020 to October 2022. The basic information and physical examination data of all patients were collected, and the occurrence of arrhythmias in this group was analyzed by descriptive analysis, and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis methods were used to analyze the factors affecting arrhythmia in the physical examination population. Results A total of 1 428 persons were examined in the hospital, of which there were 393 cases of arrhythmia, with an incidence rate of 27.52%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years old （OR=4.651）, smoking （OR=4.586）, alcohol consumption （OR=3.691）, increased left atrial diameter （OR=2.418）, hypertension （OR=4.212）, hyperglycemia （OR=2.514）, overweight/obesity （OR=3.557）, abnormal uric acid （OR=3.575）, and hypokalemia （OR=2.002） were all risk factors for the occurrence of arrhythmia, while exercise （OR=0.504） and healthy diet （OR=0.763） were protective factors for the occurrence of arrhythmia. Conclusions The incidence of arrhythmia is high in the physical examination population. Medical staff should provide health guidance according to the related risk factors, and reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia through exercise, healthy diet, and other ways, to reduce the harm of arrhythmia to people's health.

Objective To investigate and analyze the changes in blood glucose and the influencing factors of hypoglycemia in neonates born to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）. Methods Pregnant women with GDM who had established obstetric records and delivered in a hospital in Langfang City from January 2019 to October 2022 and their neonates were selected by convenient sampling method. The data of pregnant women and their neonates were collected after delivery using a self‐made information collection table. The levels of serum fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and urinary microalbumin of pregnant women were measured before delivery, and the blood glucose levels of neonates were measured at 15 min, 24 hours, and 48 hours after delivery. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the incidence of hypoglycemia in neonates, and univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on its related factors. Results A total of 1 054 pairs of pregnant women with GDM and their neonates were included, 238 neonates suffered from hypoglycemia, with an incidence rate of 22.58%. The changes in blood glucose levels of neonates at 15 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after delivery showed a gradual upward trend （P<0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that poor blood glucose control of pregnant women （OR=1.872）, overweight or obesity before pregnancy （OR=2.418）, gestational hypertension （OR=1.570）, insufficient lactation （OR=3.330）, premature birth （OR=3.196）, low birth weight （OR=1.970）, low body temperature （OR=4.246）, and asphyxia （OR=2.724） were all independent risk factors for hypoglycemia in neonates born to pregnant women with GDM. Conclusions The blood glucose level of neonates born to pregnant women with GDM gradually increased at 15 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after delivery. The risk factors for hypoglycemia include poor blood glucose control of pregnant women, overweight or obesity before pregnancy, gestational hypertension, insufficient lactation, premature birth, low birth weight, low body temperature, and asphyxia.

Objective To observe the effect of life behavior intervention on metabolic function in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Methods Obese patients with T2DM in Longhua District, Haikou City, from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected and divided into intervention group and control group according to random number table. The control group received conventional drug therapy, basic diet and exercise therapy, and the intervention group added intensive life behavior intervention for 6 months on the basis of conventional treatment. The changes of obesity indicators, blood glucose indicators, blood lipid indicators, islet function indicators, and quality of life of the two groups were compared before and after intervention. Results Among the obese patients with T2DM included in this study, there were 1 487 effective cases in the control group and 1 481 effective cases in the intervention group. There was no significant difference in age, gender, educational background, and course of disease between the two groups（all P>0.05）. After 3 and 6 months of treatment, waist circumference, body mass index （BMI）, fasting blood glucose （FBG）, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose （2hPG）, glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c）, triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL‐C）, fasting insulin （FINS）, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance （HOMA‐IR） in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL‐C） and homeostatic model assessment- β （HOMA-β） were higher than those in the control group （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The diabetes quality of life （DQOL） score of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Life behavior intervention can reduce BMI in obese patients with T2DM, regulate blood lipid metabolism, improve islet function, and improve their quality of life.