Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effective measures of MOH/GAVI project to improve the timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. Methods Baseline and assessment surveys were conducted before and after implementation of MOH/GAVI project respectively. Vaccination and management was investigated in county CDCs, medical and health institutions for delivery, and one of township hospitals from different three level towns. One village was chosen in each level town of all counties. Five children born in 2009 and five pregnant women were randomly chosen from the village to conduct the hepatitis B vaccination KAP questionnaire. The timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in 2011 were conducted in the assessment survey by randomly sampling in one medical and health institution for delivery and one township hospital. Five children born at home and hospital respectively were investigated for the status of timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccination and their mothers or guardians were surveyed by KAP questionnaires. The information above and conventional hepatitis B vaccination reports and other information were used to analyze the implementation and its influencing factors. Results The reported timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination has been significantly improved from 54.93% in 2009 to 92.05% in 2011 after implementation of MOH/GAVI project for one year. The birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination reached the goal of more than 75% in counties. Awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination for pregnant women and hospitalized delivery rate of pregnant women in rural area have increased from 30.4%（437/1 439） to 69.9%（202/289）and from 79.8%（41 231/51 668）to 89.9%（44 494/ 49 488）(all P< 0.01). The rate of pregnant women production in hospital was 99.2%（247/249）, higher than that in self-house (84.8%, 39/46) (P<0.01). Conclusion Large progress has been made after the implementation of project for improving timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in Qiandongnan, Guizhou. It is still the focus of future work to improve the rate of hospital birth and timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination for children delivered at home.