ObjectiveTo understand the proportion, epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of late diagnosed HIV/AIDS among the new cases reported between 2010 and 2016 in Guangdong Province. MethodsThe data of the newly reported HIV/AIDS cases from 2010 through 2016 in Guangdong were collected from the National AIDS Prevention and Information System. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the late diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the related influencing factors. ResultsA toal of 47 343 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2016, including 19 624 late diagnosed cases (41.5% of the total cases). The proportion of late diagnosed cases decreased in the past 7 years (P< 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female patients had lower risk of late diagnosed than male ones（OR=0.820）; the risk of late diagnosed cases in group aged over 20 years was higher than that in group <20 years （OR=1.720 - 5.265）; compared with unmarried patients, the married（OR=1.255）, divorced or widowed（OR=1.199）had higher risk of late diagnoses; those with college degree or above had lower risk of late diagnoses than illiterates（OR=0.823）. Compared with the cases derived from special investigation, cases from medical institutions（OR=3.110）, VCT（OR=1.687）and STD clinics（OR=1.569）tended to have a greater risk; and the cases who had blood transfusion experience had higher risk of late diagnoses compared with the cases who had experienced heterosex（OR=0.580）, homosex （OR=0.404）or drug injection（OR=0.588）. ConclusionThe proportion of late diagnosed cases showed a downtrend among the newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2016. Gender, age, marital status, educational level, discovery approach and route of infection were influencing factors for late diagnoses.

ObjectiveTo investigate HBV apparent and occult infections in HBsAg positive pregnant women and their newborns and explore factors influencing intrauterine infection in Xi′an City.MethodsHBsAg-positive pregnant women were recruited in Shanxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2012 to September 2015 for questionnaire survey. Their neonatal blood samples were collected within 24 hours postpartum for serologic testing. Survey results and testing results were described and analyzed by epidemiological method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing HBV intrauterine infection of newborns.ResultsA total of 294 mothers with HBsAg participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 20 to 45 years and average age was (29±3.5) years. A total of 297 newborns (including 3 pairs of twins) were tested. The HBV intrauterine infection rate was 48.1% (143/297), including 8.08% (24/297) of apparent infection rate and 40.07% (119/297) of intrauterine occult infection rate. Multivariate logistic regression showed that mothers with HBeAg (OR = 1.813), the higher concentration of HBV DNA in peripheral blood (OR = 1.707, 2.499, 2.259), placenta previa (OR = 3.056), and without injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin during pregnancy (OR = 2.787) were more likely to occur neonatal infection.ConclusionNewborns delivered by HBsAg positive pregnant women had high HBV intrauterine infection rate and HBV intrauterine occult infection was serious in Xi'an. It is recommended to strengthen the health education for women at childbearing age with HBsAg and HBV DNA> 200 IU / mL.

ObjectiveTo explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of central obesity among residents aged 18 years and over in Zhaoqing, so as to provide the evidence for prevention and control of obesity.MethodsMultistage random sampling was used to select residents aged 18 years and over from eight counties/districts in Zhaoqing City for questionnaire survey, physical examinations and laboratory tests. The survey contents included basic information, smoke, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and so on. Physical examinations included height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Laboratory test included blood glucose and blood lipid. Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regressions were used to analyze the factors possibly influencing central obesity.ResultsA total of 3 267 adults were investigated. The crude prevalence of central obesity was 35.94%(1 174/3 267) and age-standardized prevalence of central obesity was 31.76%. The age-standardized prevalence of central obesity in urban area (37.01%) was significantly higher than that in rural area (28.81%)(P＜0.01). The age-standardized prevalence of central obesity in females (31.55%) was significantly higher than that in males (31.49%)(P＜0.01). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that female (OR=1.253), 30-39 age group (OR=2.755), 40-49 age group (OR=3.411), 50-59 age group (OR=4.970), 60-69 age group (OR=3.986), group aged 70 years and over (OR=4.154), urban area (OR=1.662), hypertension (OR=1.957), diabetes (OR=1.335), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=3.554) were risk factors of central obesity.ConclusionThe prevalence of central obesity was high among the adult residents in Zhaoqing, so measures should be taken urgently for control of central obesity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the daily water intake, types of drinking water and the influencing factors among adult residents in different regions of Guangdong Province (GP), so as to accumulate basic data for developing regional drinking water exposure parameters.MethodsResidents aged 18 years and above were selected from 14 prefectural cities in GP by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. The data of general information, drinking habits and physical conditions were collected by questionnaire survey or by using measuring instruments. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsA total of 3 441 residents were surveyed. The average consumption amounts of total, direct and main indirect drinking water were 1 841, 1 208, and 633 mL/d, respectively. The average consumption amounts of direct drinking water from high to low were plain water (827 mL/d), tea (359 mL/d), beverage (19 mL/d), and coffee (3 mL/d). The average consumption amounts of main indirect water included water in staple food (479 mL/d) and water in soup (154 mL/d). According to the residential areas, the average volume of total water intake from high to low were western GP (1 935 mL/d), Pearl River delta region (1 902 mL/d), eastern GP (1 827 mL/d) and northern GP (1 700 mL/d). The average volume of direct water intake from high to low were Pearl River delta region (1 372 mL/d), western GP (1 124 mL/d), northern GP (1 106 mL/d), and eastern GP (1 098mL/d). While the average volume of indirect water intake from high to low were western GP (811 mL/d), eastern GP (729 mL/d), northern GP (594mL/d), and Pearl River delta region (530mL/d) (all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed except for the regional difference, gender, age, education level, BMI, and blood pressure were factors influencing consumption habits of water intake.ConclusionThe regional difference was an important factor influencing daily water consumption of adult residents in GP. Health risk assessment for drinking water should be conducted by using regional characteristics of drinking water exposure parameters.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of health-related behaviors and their influencing factors among preschool children in Longhua District, Shenzhen.MethodsA survey was conducted to investigate the health-related behaviors among preschool children of the kindergartens in Longhua District, Shenzhen and the cognition and practices of parents on training children’s health-related behaviors. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationships between scores of preschool children’s health-related behaviors and gender, household registration, only child or not, grade, parental education level, the cognition and the practices of parents on training children’s health-related behaviors.ResultsA total of 62 922 preschool children were surveyed. Of them, 54.5% were boys, 45.5% were girls; 23.7% were in primary class, 35.1% in middle class, 41.2% in top class; 30.4% had Shenzhen household registrations and 69.6% did not. The correctness percentages of performing 32 health-related behaviors were between 12.2% and 98.0%. Among 6 dietary behaviors, 98.0% of the children performed correctly in “less intake of fried foods”, while 58.8%preformed correctly in “not playing while eating”. Among 12 health behaviors, 89.1% of the children performed correctly in “not shitting everywhere”, while only 12.2% preformed correctly in “gargling after meals”. Among 11 safety behaviors, 96.5% of the children performed correctly in “not playing with fire”, while 40.3% preformed correctly in “walking up and down stairs slowly on the right”. Among 3 resting and recreation behaviors, 64.8% of the children performed correctly in “watching TV/computer for less than 1h”, while 33.5% preformed correctly in “going to bed early and getting up early”. Multivariable linear regression showed that the scores of preschool children’s health-related behaviors were related to children's gender, household registration, grade, educational background of the parents, the cognition and practices of parents on training children’s health-related behaviors.ConclusionSome health-related behaviors among preschool children in Longhua District, Shenzhen need to be improved. It is suggested that the kindergartens and parents work together to strengthen the cultivation of preschool children health-related behaviors.

ObjectiveTo investigate growth and development status and its associated factors among first grade primary school pupils in Shenzhen City.MethodsSix primary schools in Shenzhen City were selected by cluster random sampling method, and all first grade pupils in the selected schools were included in the research. Physical examination was made and a questionnaire survey was performed. The survey included the age, gender, outdoor sports, parental height and weight, and family monthly income. Factors associated with growth and development were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsA total of 1 664 pupils were investigated, of whom, 15.7% (261/1 664) had height at upper level, 73.3% (1 219/1 664) at middle level, and 11.1% (184/1 664) at lower level; 15.3% (254/1 664) had weight at upper level, 73.7% (1 227/1 664) at middle level, and 11.0% (183/1 664) at lower level; 9.9% (164/1 664) were overweight, 16.2% (270/1 664) were obesity, and 11.3% (188/1 664) had malnutrition. Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the children whose paternal overweight/obesity (OR =1.47 ) and maternal overweight/obesity (OR=1.82) were more likely to become overweight and obese, while maternal underweight (OR=0.49) and outdoor exercise (sometimes vs. very few：OR=0.39；frequently vs. very few：OR=0.56) were the protective factors for overweight and obesity in the pupils; maternal underweight was a risk factor for malnutrition (OR=2.51); while, maternal overweight/obesity was a protective factor for malnutrition (OR=0.41). Pupils aged 7 years were more likely to develop malnutrition than those aged 6 years (OR=1.86)（all P＜0.05）.ConclusionThe growth and developmental status of first grade primary school pupils in Shenzhen is good, but overweight, obesity and malnutrition can not be ignored. It is suggested that targeted intervention measures should be taken for the key population.

ObjectiveTo understand risk factors of brucellosis among the key occupational groups in Tangshan City, so as to provide a reference basis for prevention and treatment of brucellosis.MethodsA case-control study was conducted. Cases of confirmed brucellosis and cases of silent infection of brucellosis were selected from the occupational population in a screening survey of brucellosis in Tangshan City in 2014 as case group; individuals without infection were selected from the same occupational population at the same period as control group. Questionnaire survey was conducted among the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 107 cases were investigated in the case group, including 80 males and 27 females, 74.77% of them were at the age of 40-69 years old, and 89.72% had the education level at junior middle school and below. A total of 680 individuals were recruited in the control group, including 463 males and 217 females, 66.32% of them were at the age of 40-69 years old, and 87.50% had the education level at junior middle school and below. There were no significant differences in gender, age and education level between the case group and control group (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that contacting with sheep（OR=18.493，95%CI=9.235-37.032）, without using protective clothing or gloves（OR=4.319，95%CI=2.412-7.734）, or Without use of disinfectant（OR=3.024，95%CI=1.861-4.913）, without regular disinfection for feeding environment（OR=4.341，95%CI=2.586-7.288）, handling abortion or delivering sheep（OR=2.437，95%CI=1.564-3.799）, injured skin exposed to animals（OR=2.053，95%CI=1.262-3.340）, intake of dead animals （OR=10.911，95%CI=3.500-34.015), eating undercooked meat（OR=7.714，95%CI=2.908-20.466）, and drinking raw milk（OR=6.673，95%CI=2.111-21.091）were risk factors for brucellosis infection in the key occupational groups. Using protective measures（OR=0.402，95%CI=0.243-0.664） was protective factors for the infection of brucellosis.ConclusionNo effective personal protection measures and unhealthy eating habits were the main risk factors for incidence of brucellosis. It is necessary to strengthen livestock quarantine and market supervision, carry out surveillance, health education and behavior intervention and personal protection in occupational groups to prevent and control brucellosis.