Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate growth and development status and its associated factors among first grade primary school pupils in Shenzhen City.MethodsSix primary schools in Shenzhen City were selected by cluster random sampling method, and all first grade pupils in the selected schools were included in the research. Physical examination was made and a questionnaire survey was performed. The survey included the age, gender, outdoor sports, parental height and weight, and family monthly income. Factors associated with growth and development were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsA total of 1 664 pupils were investigated, of whom, 15.7% (261/1 664) had height at upper level, 73.3% (1 219/1 664) at middle level, and 11.1% (184/1 664) at lower level; 15.3% (254/1 664) had weight at upper level, 73.7% (1 227/1 664) at middle level, and 11.0% (183/1 664) at lower level; 9.9% (164/1 664) were overweight, 16.2% (270/1 664) were obesity, and 11.3% (188/1 664) had malnutrition. Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the children whose paternal overweight/obesity (OR =1.47 ) and maternal overweight/obesity (OR=1.82) were more likely to become overweight and obese, while maternal underweight (OR=0.49) and outdoor exercise (sometimes vs. very few：OR=0.39；frequently vs. very few：OR=0.56) were the protective factors for overweight and obesity in the pupils; maternal underweight was a risk factor for malnutrition (OR=2.51); while, maternal overweight/obesity was a protective factor for malnutrition (OR=0.41). Pupils aged 7 years were more likely to develop malnutrition than those aged 6 years (OR=1.86)（all P＜0.05）.ConclusionThe growth and developmental status of first grade primary school pupils in Shenzhen is good, but overweight, obesity and malnutrition can not be ignored. It is suggested that targeted intervention measures should be taken for the key population.