ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in physical examination population in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for prevention of hyperuricemia.MethodsIndividuals receiving physical examination were selected to participate in the survey from May 2016 to May 2017 in a hospital of Zhangjiakou. Their blood uric acid (BUA), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were tested. Based on the BUA level of the four percentile interval, the different distributions of these indexes between gender groups were analyzed.According to the standard of each index, the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relationship with each index were compared. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of BUA level with various indexes. Factors associated with hyperuricemia were identified with multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence rate of hyperuricemia was 23.50% (4 060/17 273); the prevalence in males (31.22%) was higher than that in females (12.04%) (P<0.01). The distributions of age, BMI, systolic BP, diastolic BP, FBG, TG, and TC in different BUA groups were statistically different in male and female groups (all P<0.01). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in males decreased with age (P<0.01), while increased in females with age (P<0.01). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in men and women increased as the BMI index increased (both P<0.01). The prevalence rates of hyperuricemia in hypertension group and hyperlipidemia group were higher than those in normal group (all P<0.01). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in female hyperglycemia group was higher than that in normal blood glucose group (P<0.01), while the prevalence in male group was lower than that in normal blood glucose group (P<0.01). The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that levels of BUA were positively correlated with BMI, systolic BP and diastolic BP, FBG, TC and TC in the total population and the female groups (both P<0.01), while in males the level of BUA was negatively correlated with FBG (r=-0.064, P<0.01) and were positively correlated with other indicators (all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity or overweight (OR=2.273), high TG (OR=2.227) and high TC (OR=1.121) were risk factors for hyperuricemia,while the female (OR=0.398) and high FBG (OR=0.686) were protective factors. ConclusionThe prevalence of hyperuricemia was high in Zhangjiakou area，and had a causal or synergistic relationship with cardiovascular disease risk factors of overweight/obesity and hyperlipidemia.

ObjectiveTo understand the incidence and influencing factors of accidental injury among preschool children in Jiujiang City, so as to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.MethodsStratified cluster sampling was adopted to randomly select children from one top, middle and bottom class in the selected 6 kindergartens. Parents of selected children completed self-designed questionnaires under the guidance of field investigators, to collect information of the characteristics of preschool children and family, and accidental injuries occurred in the past year. The influencing factors of injury were identified by the chi-square test or multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 486 preschool children were investigated, including 98 cases of accidental injury occurred in the past one year, and the incidence of accidental injuries was 20.16%. The incidences of accidental injuries in the boys and girls were 24.02% and 15.95%, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of accidental injuries was higher in active children (24.79%) than that in quite ones (P<0.01). The incidences of accidental injuries of preschoolers in top, middle, and bottom classes were 23.46%, 19.88%, and 16.44%, respectively (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that prolonged maternal care (OR=0.312) and high family income (OR=0.184) were protective factors, the children’s active and brisk characters (OR=2.192) and parental divorce (OR=1.891) were risk factors for accidental injuries in children.ConclusionThe characters and family environment of preschool children were important factors influencing the occurrence of accidental injury. Safety and health education should be strengthened for parents to prevent the occurrence of accidental injuries.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between cumulative silica dust exposure (CDE) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and compare the effects of different exposure levels of fine particulate matter on arterial stiffness. MethodsUsing cross-sectional study design, patients with pneumoconiosis in Kailuan Colliery were selected as the study subjects. The subjects were divided into four groups according to CDE, quartile 1 (CDE＜877 mg/m3-y), quartile 2 (877≤CDE≤1 105 mg/m3-y), quartile 3 (1 105＜CDE≤1 320 mg / m3-y), quartile 4 (CDE＞1 320 mg/m3-y). Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the effects of different CDE on the baPWV. ResultsAll of the 813 subjects were male. The average age of the four groups was 62.09, 61.32, 65.57, and 72.47 years, respectively. The baPWVs in the 4 groups were 1 692.51, 1 689.25, 1 789.96, and 1 915.55 cm/s, respectively.The detection rates of baPWVs beyond 1 725 cm/s in the four groups were 40.3%, 44.1%, 49.5%, and 68.6%, respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that CDE was positively correlated with baPWV (P＜0.05).After adjusting for age，heart rate，BMI，TC，TG，LDL-C，HDL-C，diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking，the risk of baPWV greater than 1 725 cm/s increased (OR = 2.61) in the fourth subgroup compared with the CDE quartile 1 group.ConclusionCDE in patients with pneumoconiosis was positively correlated with baPWV and an independent risk factor for arteriosclerosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary and nutritional status of the elderly with low muscle mass in Guangzhou and provide nutritional recommendations for older adults to maintain their skeletal muscle mass.MethodsLow-muscle-mass elderly people involved in a whey protein supplementation randomized controlled trial were selected from Guangzhou City to participate in the baseline survey. Basic information and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary intakes of participants in the past one year were assessed using a 79-item food frequency questionnaire.ResultsA total of 122 elderly residents were investigated, including 61 men and 61 women, with an average age of (71.3±3.8) years．Appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) was (6.39±0.47) in men and (4.94±0.38) in women. The average of daily protein, vitamin E, vitamin C and iron intake met the dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Daily energy intake accounted for 80% of DRIs, but the average intakes of calcium in men and women only met 59.7% and 57.7% of DRIs, respectively. Intakes of vegetable and meats were (344.3±150.3) and (100.2±67.8) g/d in men, and (352.9±154.1) and (79.8±49.4) g/d in women, which were sufficient. Intakes of fruit, milk and soy bean products were lower than the DRIs. Intakes of fruits were (137.7±110.9) g/d in men and (121.6±62.7) g/d in women. Intakes of milk were (45.6±60.6) g/d in men and (61.0±69.0) g/d in women. Intakes of soy bean products in men and women were (17.4±31.4) and (17.1±33.8) g/wk, respectively.ConclusionThe intakes of dietary protein were sufficient, but milk, soy bean products and fruits were insufficient in the elderly with low muscle mass in Guangzhou City. Their dietary structure should be improved to maintain appropriate skeletal muscle mass.

ObjectiveTo understand the level and influencing factors of health literacy among residents in Xi’an City.MethodsFrom September to December in 2015, stratified multistage and probability proportional to size sampling methods were used to select non-collective permanent residents aged 15-69 years living in Xi’an City to attend questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contents included basic situation, three aspects and 6 health issues. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test. Factors influencing health literacy were analyzed by the logistic regression analysis of binary classification variables.ResultsThe total level of health literacy among the residents in Xi’an City in 2015 was 8.99％(248/2 758)．Of the three aspects of health literacy levels, basic health concept and knowledge was 13.96%, healthy lifestyle and behaviors was 10.41%, and health related skills was 18.09%．The health literacy rates of 6 health issues ranking from highest to lowest were 47.39% for scientific attitude towards health, 32.23% for safety and first aid,18.31% for health information literacy, 15.45% for infectious diseases prevention, 10.91% for basic medical care, and 5.51% for chronic disease prevention in turn. Single factor analysis showed that the health literacy level of urban residents was far higher than that of rural ones. The level of health literacy in the group aged 25-34 was 14.94%, the highest among the all groups. The health literacy levels of the residents with the undergraduate or master degree were 20.51% and 20.45%, respectively; the medical staff had the highest health literacy level of 34.21% (all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with civil servants, the medical personnel had higher health literacy level (OR: 5.07, 95% CI: 1.37-18.72), but the statistically significant difference was not observed between the other professional residents and civil servants (all P>0.05). The residents with educational levels at college and master degree or above had higher levels of health literacy (OR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.55-6.16 and OR: 3.74, 95% CI: 1.33-10.49), compared with those with the educational level at primary school.ConclusionThe health literacy level of residents in Xi’an was generally low in 2015, especially for the basic medical care and prevention of chronic diseases. The profession and educational level were main factors influencing the residents’ health literacy level in Xi’an.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for the determination of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in whole blood and analyze the mineral contents in whole blood of healthy induvidials in Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province.MethodsA stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select healthy residents aged 25-70 years from 8 counties (cities, districts) in Qingyuan. A method by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was established and used to detect the contents of 8 minerals in whole blood of the subjects investigated. The data were tested for normality using the Shaprio-Wilk method, then the skewness and kurtosis were also analyzed. Wilcoxon signed rank test used to analyse the difference of mineral contents in whole blood of healthy adults with different genders.ResultsThe linear relationship of each mineral established in this study was good (correlation coefficient >0.999 1). The detection limit of the method was between 0.668 μg/L and 0.013 8 mg/L, and the relative standard deviation, from 0.54% to 6.98%. The contents of 8 minerals in whole blood were not normally distributed. The distributions were negatively skewed for Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, and Cu, while skewed for Mn and Zn. Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Cu were in peak distribution while Fe and Zn were flat distribution. There were significant differences in 8 mineral contents in whole blood of healthy adults with different genders (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in 8 mineral contents in whole blood between 2 age groups (all P>0.05) except for blood K and blood Fe in groups aged 25-29 and 30-39 years, blood Cu in groups aged 30-39 and 40-49 years and blood Mg in groups aged 40-49 and 50-59 years.ConclusionThe established method has low detection limit, high accuracy, rapid sample processing and rapid determination, and can meet the determination of minerals in whole blood. The contents of 8 minerals in whole blood of healthy individuals in Qingyuan were not normally distributed and existed gender differences.