ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism of DNA methylation alteration induced by hydroquinone (HQ). MethodsHQ was prepared by PBS buffer and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were treated with PBS served as the control. The genes and protein expression of PARP-1 and DNA methyltransferase ( DNMTs) , DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in BMMSCs exposed to 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μmol?L-1 HQ were tested by real-time fluorescence quantitive PCR and Western blotting.ResultsThe genes and protein expression of PARP-1 and DNMT1 were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The regression equations of genes were y ?=0.030 x+1.283 and y ?=0.075 x+1.088. The regression equations of protein were y ?=0.025 x+1.234 and y ?=0.043 x+1.097. But the gene and protein expressions of DNMT3a were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The regression equations of gene and protein were y ?=-0.040 x+1.151 and y ?=-0.012 x+1.021, respectively.ConclusionThe change of global DNA methylation induced by HQ may be associated with the deregulated expressions of DNMTs, and PARP-1 may participate in global DNA hypomethylation induced by HQ.

ObjectiveTo distinguish and eliminate the interference of testing delays (time factors) on coagulation parameters in rat carcinogenic test using statistical method.MethodsIn four groups of low, middle and high dose, and control, 168 female Wistar rats were tested for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastic time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) by magnetic beads method after finishing the carcinogenic test (104 weeks). After blood samples were collected and tested within 3-24 h, the data were analyzed using factor analysis method combining with partial correlation and multiple regression analysis. ResultsThe factor analysis showed that APTT was independently affected by time and dose, TT was influenced by time and interacted with the dose of exposure, and PT was also influenced by time. Partial correlation and multiple regression analyses showed that APTT and TT were separately correlated with time and the time was selected into the regression model of APTT and TT, respectively; PT and time had no correlation and can’t establish a regression model. Based on the statistical results it is judged that testing delay had affect APTT and TT, and the time threshold was 5 h. After removing the problematic data, mean values of APTT in four groups of low, middle and high dose, and control decreased by 1.85%, 4.56%, 20.08%, and 30.45%，and those of TT decreased by 4.01%, 6.78%, 11.76%, and 16.64%, respectively.ConclusionThe combined use of factor analysis, partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis can distinguish and eliminate the interference of testing delays on coagulation parameters APTT and TT in rat carcinogenic test.

ObjectiveTo understand the need hierarchy of men who have sex with men (MSM), analyze the related factors, and guide the formulation of AIDS prevention and control measures.MethodsSnowball sampling method was used to recruit the MSM in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, for questionnaire survey and serological test. The survey content included demographic characteristics, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, hierarchy of needs, social networks, and sexuality. Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 1 172 MSM were surveyed. Of the hierarchy of needs, the physiological needs accounted for 20.1% (236/1 172), safety needs for 66.2% (776/1 172), social belonging for 8.4% (98/1 172), esteem for 2.5% (29/1 172), and self-actualization for 2.8% (33/1 172). The positive rates of HIV infection at different levels of needs were 11.4%, 4.5%, 7.1%, 3.4% and 3.0% (P < 0.05). In the multiple logistic regression model of independent statistical correlation variables, for safety needs to compare with physiological needs: education level(OR=0.408), social activity network(OR=0.374), having HIV tested in recent one year(OR=4.025), persons having anal sex with in recent six months (OR=1.639), and protective anal sex in recent six months (OR=9.165); for making friends to compare with physiological needs: the marital status (OR=2.763), mobile MSM (OR=1.919), knowledge about HIV/AIDS (OR=5.207), persons having anal sex with in recent six months (OR=2.809), protective anal sex in recent six months (OR=3.143), and the internet-based sex partners (OR=0.275); for the esteem/self-actualization needs to compare with physiological needs: social activity network (OR=0.268), knowledge about HIV/AIDS (OR=18.420), persons having anal sex with in recent six months (OR=3.517), protective anal sex in recent six months (OR=5.108), and the internet-based sex partner (OR=0.318) (P <0.05 or P <0.01). ConclusionMSM are at a low level of need hierarchy and requires a high level of safety needs. Demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, etc., related to the hierarchy of needs. Physiological needs of MSM dominate the higher risk for HIV infection and spreading, which should be the focus of HIV/AIDS prevention and control.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, clustering and influencing factors of smoking, excessive alcohol intake, insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits, physical inactivity in spare time, and overweight/obesity and influencing factors among residents aged 18 years and above in Guangdong Province in 2013. MethodsBased on data of chronic disease risk factor survey in 14 counties/districts of 12 prefectural cities in Guangdong Province in 2013, residents aged 18 years and above were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to participate in the investigation. The content included basic information and five risk factors of smoking, excessive alcohol intake, insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity.ResultsA total of 8 354 people were included in the study. Of all the participants, 42.8%（3 574）were male，57.2%（4 780）female，and 31.6%（2 643）aged 60 years and above. Among the subjects surveyed, 25.1%（1 922/7 669）presented one risk factor, 42.1%（3 225/7 669）two, and 28.0%（2 145/7 669）presented three or more risk factors. The risk factors were positively correlated with age (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with educational level (P<0.05). Those who were male, widowed/divorced/separated, engaged in agriculture, forestry, fishery and water conservancy production were more likely to have more risk factors (all P<0.01). ConclusionThe five risk factors were prevalent among residents aged 18 years and above in Guangdong Province, with clustering of multiple risk factors. Therefore, comprehensive intervention of unhealthy behavior lifestyle should be strengthened.

ObjectiveTo analyze the life expectancy and leading causes of death of residents in Zhaoqing.MethodsThrough investigating the missing reports, the missed rate of death was obtained to calculate the adjusted mortality rate for each age group. A brief life table was formulated using the method recommended by the World Health Organization and the leading causes of death of residents in Zhaoqing City were analyzed.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2014, the under-reporting investigation of death among residents in Zhaoqing were 1 583, with 189 deaths failed to report. The average death rate of failing to report was 11.94%, the average crude death rate was 591.98 per 100 000. the average adjusted death rate was 672.24 per 100 000, and the adjusted life expectancy was 78.37 years. The average adjusted mortality rate was 756.37 per 100 000 and the average adjusted life expectancy was 75.40 years for males, and the average adjusted mortality rate was 584.40 per 100 000 and the average adjusted life expectancy was 81.59 years for females. The average adjusted mortality rate was 563.90 per 100 000 and the adjusted average life expectancy was 80.00 years in urban areas, and the average adjusted death rate was 771.86 per 100 000 and the adjusted average life expectancy was 77.13 years in rural areas. The annual average adjusted mortality rate of all age groups showed a “√” trend. The top five causes of death were respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, and injury and poisoning.ConclusionThere is under-reporting cases of death. Deaths caused by chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, and injuries are important factors affecting the life expectancy of residents in Zhaoqing. It is suggested that chronic diseases and injuries should be considered as the focus of disease prevention and control in Zhaoqing.

ObjectiveTo investigate advanced glycation end products (AGEs) content in food and assess the dietary exposure to AGEs among Shenzhen residents.MethodsAGEs contents in 11 kinds of foods were tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Based on the food consumption survey data of Shenzhen residents in 2011, the point assessment model was used to estimate dietary exposure to AGEs in the residents and calculate the contribution of different foods to AGEs intake.ResultsAGEs was found in the 11 kinds of foods, with an average content of 44.28 mg/kg and a maximum content of 821.74 mg/kg. The highest AGEs content was found in seasoning (excluding salt), with an average content of 628.60 mg/kg. AGEs contents in meat and its products, candy confection, milk and its products, grain and its products were higher than those in fruits and vegetables, beverage, potato and its products. The mean dietary intake of AGEs was 31.85 mg/dP for the residents. The dietary intake of AGEs for high-consuming populations（P97.5） was 53.16 mg/dP. The major food contributors to AGEs were seasoning (excluding salt), grain and its products, meat and its products for the residents. Milk and its products (26.06%), seasoning（24.78%） and grain and its products（18.55%） were the first three of AGEs exposure for girls aged 2-5 years, while seasoning, grain and its products, and meat and its products were the first three of AGEs exposure for other groups．ConclusionDaily dietary AGEs intake was found among the surveyed residents in Shenzhen. It is feasible to establish dietary AGEs database and improve the guidance on the dietary AGEs intake of related groups.

ObjectiveTo understand the health literacy level and its influencing factors of Guangzhou residents.MethodsUsing multi-stage stratified random sampling method, residents aged 15-69 years in Guangzhou were investigated. The survey content included the basic information and health literacy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze factors influencing the health literacy level.ResultsThe health literacy level of Guangzhou residents was 39.8% (2 979/7 479) in 2015. The basic knowledge and concept level was 37.8%, the healthy lifestyle and behavior level 39.3%, the health environmental literacy level 38.8%, the infectious disease prevention literacy level 23.9%, the self-help and mutual aid literacy level 65.6%, and the scientific literacy of medical-seeking level 55.6%. Univariate analysis showed that the health literacy level of the female residents was higher than that of the male (P<0.05), the health literacy level in group aged 25-29 years was the highest (55.6%, P<0.01), the health literacy level of the medical and nursing staff (82.4%) was higher than that of the other occupational groups (P<0.01), and the health literacy level of the residents increased with the degree of education (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the health literacy level of female residents was higher than that of male (OR=1.144). Taking the group aged 15-19 years as a reference, the health literacy levels of residents aged 25-29, 30-34 and 35-39 years were higher (OR= 1.849, 1.877, 1.732). Taking the civil service as a reference, the health literacy level of medical staff was higher (OR=4.252). Reference to illiteracy, the levels of health literacy of junior high school, senior high school / vocational high school / secondary specialized school, college / undergraduate and master degree or above were higher (OR=1.982, 2.675, 4.856, 5.945).ConclusionIn 2015, the overall health literacy level of residents in Guangzhou was high, but the level of infectious disease prevention literacy was low; age, occupation and education level were the main factors influencing the health literacy level of Guangzhou residents.