ObjectiveTo analyze genetic characteristics of a Bordetella pertussis strain isolated in Guangdong Province.MethodsBordetella pertussis strain isolated in Guangdong Province in 2017 (BP_GD2017) was analyzed by whole genome sequencing. Four antigenic genes of pertussis toxin Sl subunit(ptxSl)，pertactin (prn), fimbriae 2(fim2) and fimbriae 3(fim3) were compared with those of the isolates in GenBank and the isolate CS which was used in the production of pertussis vaccine in China．The wg-SNPs method was also applied to determine the genetic evolution with 31 strains available from NCBI genome database. ResultsThe genome of BP_GD2017 has a genome size of 3.64 MB, G+C content of 67.74%, and three rRNA operons, 5S, 16S and 23S, 46 tRNAs. The genome structure and characteristics were similar to those of the Bordetella pertussis genome isolated from the vaccine strain CS strain in China and other regions and time. BP_GD2017 belonged to ptxS1A type and prn2 type, different from the CS vaccine strains. Its amino acid sequences of the fim2 and fim3 genes were identical with the CS vaccine strains. The phylogenetic trees showed the BP_GD2017 was clustered into the evolutionary branch with other strains prevalent in recent years, while in different evolutionary branch with the CS vaccine strains. ConclusionThe Bordetella pertussis strain isolated in Guangdong was different from the CS vaccine strains in ptxS1 and prn antigenic genes, and also changed in genetic evolutionary branch, which provide support for molecular epidemiology research and vaccine development of pertussis in China.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of lifestyle intervention to dietary intake among high risk group of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).MethodsTwelve communities were randomly selected from Futian District, Shenzhen City from October to November 2013, and high risk group of NCDs were screened from the selected communities. High risk group of NCDs were divided into intervention group and control group for 2-year follow-up. The intervention group received group-based health education activities and lifestyle intervention, while the control group did not take any active intervention activities. The changes of dietary intake were evaluated among high risk group of NCDs with intact dietary data before and after the intervention. ResultsA total of 1 211 subjects (769 in the intervention group, 442 in the control group) were included. The mean age of the intervention group was (53.66±11.35) years old and the control group (57.65±12.42) years old (P<0.01). In the intervention group, 59.30% were female, 93.76% married, and 98.83% the Han nationality; in the control group, 57.47 % were female, 92.99 % married, and 99.10 % the Han nationality. The number of high-risk factors was mainly 1 to 2, which was 84.66% in the intervention group and 77.38% in the control group. After controlling for confounding factors, subject average intakes of cereal and tubers, aquatic products, milk and dairy products, vegetables, and soybean and nuts in the intervention group increased by 40.15, 48.14, 23.38, 35.01 and 12.19 g/d (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) , respectively, after 2-year follow-up and intervention. Before and after intervention, the distributions of daily dietary intakes of cereal and tubers, aquatic product, vegetable, fruit, soybean and nuts were significant in the intervention group (all P < 0.01) and the distributions of daily dietary intakes of cereal and tubers, soybean and nuts, aquatic products and eggs in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). ConclusionTargeted interventions can improve the quality of some kinds of food intake for high risk group of NCDs.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dietary exposure of rare earth elements (REEs) for residents in Guangdong.MethodsDuplicate portions of all foods and drinking water consumed by local residents aged 18-45 years in rare earth mining and non-mining areas during the survey period were collected and analyzed for REEs. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 70 μg/kg?bw was used as a health guidance value to access the exposure risk. ResultsA total of 65 residents were recruited. Of the subjects, 31 were from the mining area, including 15 males and 16 females, with an average weight of 54.7 kg, and 34 from non-mining area, including 17 males and 17 females, with an average weight of 57.2 kg. The average age of the subjects in mining and non-mining areas was 29 years old. The average ranges of REE contents in diet and drinking water consumed by the participants were 0.33-94.45 and 0.049-51.705 μg/kg, with the highest content of lanthanum in the mining area, and 0.02-3.17 and 0.001-0.042 μg/kg, with the highest content of cerium in the non-mining area, respectively. The average intakes of REEs in subjects were 6.512 and 0.171 μg/kg?bw, accounting for 9.3% and 0.2% of the ADI in mining and non-mining areas, respectively. The 97.5th percentiles (P97.5) of exposure to REEs were 38.062 and 0.520 μg/kg?bw, accounting for 54.3% and 0.7% of ADI in mining and non-mining areas, respectively.ConclusionThe average exposure to REEs in residents of both mining and non-mining areas in Guangdong Province did not exceed the ADI and the health risk of exposure to REEs was lower.

ObjectiveTo investigate causes of cases of foodborne disease and provide reference evidence for preventing the occurrence and handling similar incidents.MethodsA field epidemiological study method and a case-control study method were conducted. Case definitions were defined and case searches were performed. Suspected meals were searched according to clinical case data and meal history information, and samples of suspicious foods, cases and environment were collected for laboratory testing.ResultsA total of 20 cases were found, all of whom were employees of a company in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, with an attack rate of 18.7% (20/107). Clinical manifestations included abdominal pain (100%, 20/20) and diarrhea (95%, 19/20). Epidemic chart showed a point-source exposure patterns. The field epidemiological survey results showed that lunch food on September 6 was a suspicious meal (RR=8.63, 95% CI：1.04-71.53). The case-control analysis results showed that "crispy roasted duck" was a suspicious food (OR=5.11, 95% CI：1.50-17.37). The results of dose-response relationship showed that the more the intake amount of crispy roasted duck, the higher the risk of onset (?2trend=5.19, P<0.05). Dominant and isobiochemical Proteus mirabilis was detected from 3 cases and 1 preserved specimen of crispy roasted duck, with a detection rate of 10.8% (4/37).ConclusionWhen the pulsed field gel electrophoresis and other molecular typing methods were unavailable for the laboratory, the field epidemiological investigation for the differentiation of Proteus mirabilis diarrhea strains and the normal intestinal tract carrier strains still has some guiding significance. It is recommended to include pathogen monitoring of Proteus mirabilis into PulseNet China, a national molecular classification network system for foodborne disease surveillance.

ObjectiveTo understand the status of oral health-related quality of life and oral health awareness of urban and rural residents in Zhaoqiing City, so as to explore measures for oral health care. MethodsUrban and rural residents were selected in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province using stratified random sampling method. The oral health effects scale (OHIP-14) and oral health awareness questionnaires were used for investigation and analysis. ResultsA total of 1 000 questionnaires were distributed and 967 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective response rate of 96.7%. The respondents were aged from 18 to 76 years, of whom 53.4% (516/967) were youth group (18-44 years old). The male to female sex ratio was 1∶1.03. Of the respondents, 578 (59.8%) were urban residents and 389 (40.2%), township ones; 682 (70.5%) had education level at high school or below. The median OHIP-14 score was 12 (7, 18). The scores of OHIP-14 were significantly different between different ages, educational levels, and different regions (all P<0.01) .The average score of oral health cognition was (4.87±2.10). There were significant differences in the oral health cognition scores among different educational levels, regions, and age groups (all P<0.01). The correlation coefficient between OHIP-14 score and oral health awareness was -0.36 (P<0.05).ConclusionThe oral health-related quality of life of urban and rural residents in Zhaoqing and oral health awareness were relatively low. The oral health effect scores were negatively correlated with residents' awareness of oral health.

ObjectiveTo understand the current status of tobacco smoke in rural areas of Wuhan, so as to provide effective data support for making the tobacco control policy in rural areas. MethodsIn the rural areas of Wuhan, 2 500 residents were selected by cluster sampling method and a household survey was conducted by investigators using the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). After the data were cleaned and weighted, smoking, smoking cessation and secondhand smoke exposure were analyzed. ResultsA total of 2 148 people were surveyed, with a weighted sample size of 2 727 746, including 1 392 327 males (52.0%) and 1 335 419 females (49.0%). Of the weighted population, the groups aged 25-44 years and 45-64 years accounted for 37.8% and 32.5% respectively. The education level was concentrated at the junior high school level and below, including 38.0% (868 224/2 284 153) in primary school and below, and 43.4% in junior high school (991 091/ 2 284 153). The occupations were mainly based on 2 major categories, 34.1% (930 655/2 727 746) were enterprises, business and service workers, and 42.7% (1 166 103/2 727 746) were farmers. The current smoking rate was 29.6%（808 062/2 727 746）and the average daily cigarettes smoked by current smokers were 18.7. The rate of quitting smoking was 11.5%（89 461/805 551）and the percentage of smokers who were not interested in quitting smoking was highest among the current smokers (48.2%, 385 393/799 501）(P<0.05). Among the smokers, the rates of secondhand exposure to tobacco smoke were 75.9%（190 015/250 230）in the workplace and 78.7%（634 772/806 824）in the family, higher than those among nonsmokers (both P<0.05). ConclusionThe prevalence of tobacco in rural areas in Wuhan is severe and willingness to quit smoking is not strong. Combined with the characteristics of rural areas, health promotion on tobacco control should be carried out, the establishment and implementation of tobacco control legislation in Wuhan should be promoted.

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Luogang District. MethodsA stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select one primary school, one junior school and one high school among urban and rural schools in Luogang District. Three classes were randomly selected from each selected school to carry out a questionnaire survey, which included social demographic characteristics, binocular vision, eye hygiene behavior, etc. The prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors were analyzed using a chi-square test and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 804 students were interviewed, including 441 boys (54.85%) and 363 girls (45.15%), aged from 8 to 18 years, with an average age of (13.81±4.08) years. Of the respondents, 410 (51.00%) were from the rural schools, 394 (49.00%) from the urban schools; 270 (33.58%) were primary school pupils, 277 (34.45%) junior high school students, and 257 (31.97%) senior high school students. There were 429 students with myopia, with a prevalence rate of 53.36%, including 188 (43.82%) students with moderate and severe myopia. The mean visual acuity of left and right eyes was (4.80 ±0.35). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the boys were 0.59 times more likely to develop myopia than girls; the junior middle school students were 3.38 times and the high school students were 11.71 times more likely to develop myopia than the pupils; the students who often leant over the desk while doing homework were 1.47 times more likely to develop myopia than those who did not; the students who often read in a lying down position were 3.28 times more likely to develop myopia than those who did not; the students who watched TV for >2 h/d was 2.52 times more likely to develop myopia than those who did not watch TV.ConclusionBoth prevalence rates of myopia and the proportion of severe myopia are high in children and adolescents in Luogang District, Guangzhou. Girls, leanting over the desk while doing homework, reading in a lying down position and often watching TV are influencing factors of myopia.