Objective To explore the characteristics of the disease spectrum of inpatients during the COVID-19 epidemic （first level response period） in Guangdong Province. Methods The home page data of the inpatient medical records during the COVID-19 epidemic （first level response period） in 2020 were collected, and the disease spectrum was analyzed according to ICD-10. The disease spectrum was compared with that of the same period in 2019. Results The number of inpatients during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 was 961 thousand and 26.3% lower than that of the same period in 2019, of which 43.9% were male and 56.1% were female. 83.9% of the cases were over 15 years old. The top 6 systemic diseases were pregnancy, delivery and puerperium, respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases, factors influencing health status and contact with health services, digestive diseases and injury poisoning. Among the top 10 systemic diseases, pregnancy, delivery and puerperium rose from the second to the first, factors influencing health status and contact with health services rose from 5^th to 4^th, genitourinary diseases rose from 8^th to 7^th, neoplasms rose from 9^th to 8^th, certain conditions that originated in the perinatal period rose from 10^th to 9^th; Respiratory diseases dropped from the first to the second, digestive diseases dropped from 4^th to 5^th, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases dropped from 7^th to 10^th. Diseases of the eye and adnexa dropped from 13^th to 19^th. In male cases, the order of 10 diseases changed, while in female cases, the order of 12 diseases changed. Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, the demand for hospitalization decreased, and the spectrum of inpatients changed greatly. The main diseases of inpatients were the pregnancy, delivery and puerperium, respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases, factors influencing health status and contact with health services, digestive diseases and injury poisoning.

Objective To analyze the abnormal thyroid hormone levels in early pregnant women and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of thyroid disease during pregnancy. Methods Taking the pregnant women of 10-12 weeks gestation from February 2020 to January 2021 in the obstetrics department of a hospital in Jinan as the research object, the thyroid hormone levels of the population were detected and the relevant data were collected. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the abnormal thyroid hormone levels of early pregnant women, and univariate and multivariate analysis Methods were used to analyze its influencing factors. Results A total of 3 754 early pregnant women were enrolled, aged 20-42 years, 77.1% were 20-35 years old, 41.6% were 11-11⁺⁶ weeks gestation, 4.7% had a family history of thyroid disease, and those with a history of thyroid disease accounted for 2.9%. There were 179 cases of abnormal level of thyroid hormone, the abnormal rate was 4.8%, and hypothyroidism （87 cases, accounting for 48.6%） and subclinical hypothyroidism （38 cases, accounting for 21.2%） were more common. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women with anxiety （OR=2.026）, depression （OR=2.724）, a family history of thyroid disease （OR=3.438）, a history of thyroid disease （OR=4.043）, abnormal blood pressure （OR=1.931）, dyslipidemia （OR=1.539）, and abnormal blood glucose （OR=1.446） were more likely to have abnormal thyroid hormone levels in the early pregnancy, while pregnant women who consume iodized salt （OR=0.751） were less likely to have abnormal thyroid hormone levels in the early pregnancy. Conclusion The abnormal rate of thyroid hormone levels in early pregnant women is high, mainly hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, which are affected by pregnant women’s anxiety, depression, family history of thyroid disease, history of thyroid disease, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, salt consumption, etc. The screening, monitoring and intervention of thyroid disease in pregnant women should be strengthened to ensure the safety of mothers and babies.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of pelvic floor function at 42 days postpartum in women with natural delivery. Methods From January 2018 to December 2020, the parturients who delivered naturally in the obstetrics department of a hospital in Nanjing and received postpartum specialized outpatient medical examination at 42 days postpartum were selected, to investigate the basic condition of mother and baby and analyze the influencing factors of pelvic floor function at 42 days postpartum using Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1 984 parturients were studied, aged 20-41 years old, with an average age of （28.53±6.44） years old; their gestational week of delivery was 37-42 weeks, and their average gestational week was （38.49±1.43） weeks. Among 1 984 parturients, 1 549 cases （78.07%） had abnormal pelvic floor function, and the abnormal rate of muscle strength of type I and type II muscle, fatigue of type I and type II muscle, and static pressure value of vaginal wall exceeded 60%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 35 years old （OR=1.527）, twice or more pregnancies （OR=2.155）, twice or more deliveries （OR=2.467）, birth weight of newborn ≥4.0 kg （OR = 3.086）, weight gain during pregnancy higher than the recommended standard （OR = 2.130）, gestational week of delivery> 40 weeks （OR = 1.654） were risk factors for abnormal pelvic floor function at 42 days postpartum in natural delivered women. Conclusion The abnormal rate of pelvic floor function at 42 days postpartum in natural delivered women is relatively high. Factors such as age, gravidity, parity, birth weight of newborn, weight gain during pregnancy, and gestational week of delivery can affect the pelvic floor function of natural delivered women. Obstetricians should guide pregnant women to make a good pregnancy management, reduce the occurrence of abnormal pelvic floor function in the early postpartum period, and promote maternal postpartum rehabilitation.

Objective To analyze the incidence of simple obesity among preschoolers in Xuzhou City and explore its influencing factors. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to select the top 5 kindergartens in the number of children in Xuzhou as the survey site. All preschoolers aged 3-5 years old in the selected kindergartens were subjected to physical examinations, and questionnaire surveys were conducted on their parents. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the current status of simple obesity in preschoolers, and univariate and multivariate analysis Methods were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results In this study, a total of 4 464 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old in Xuzhou were surveyed, including 2 236 boys and 2 228 girls. Children aged 3, 4, and 5 accounted for 35.1%, 32.0%, and 32.9% respectively, and children in urban kindergartens accounted for 78.4%. There were 291 children with simple obesity, with an incidence rate of 6.5%. The results showed that preschoolers aged 3-5 years old in Xuzhou were more likely to develop simple obesity if their parents had at least one obesity （OR=1.881）, birth weight ≥ 4.0 kg （OR=2.349）, older age （OR=1.523）, preference for high calorie food （OR=2.968）, little eating fruits and vegetables （OR=2.430）, preference for snacks （OR=2.678） and not easy to accept new food （OR=1.499）. Conclusion The incidence of simple obesity among preschoolers aged 3-5 years old in Xuzhou is relatively high. Simple obesity of children is related to factors such as dietary behavior, age, birth weight, and parental obesity. To cultivate good dietary habits for preschoolers and improve dietary behavior problems, can actively and effectively prevent the occurrence of simple obesity in children.

Objective To study the etiological characteristics of influenza cases and status of influenza vaccination in children ≤ 5 years old in Fuyang City. Methods The influenza cases of children ≤ 5 years old diagnosed in two hospitals in Fuyang City in 2019 were selected as the research objects. Collected demographic information, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, influenza diagnosis results of the child cases, and used a self-made questionnaire to investigate the influenza vaccination among the main guardians of children. Descriptive epidemiological analysis Methods was used to analyze the results, and univariate and multivariate analysis Methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of influenza vaccination in child cases. Results A total of 1 488 cases of influenza in children ≤ 5 years old in Fuyang City were obtained, 818 cases were boys （54.97%）, and 670 cases were girls （45.03%）. There were 774 cases of influenza A （52.02%） and 714 cases of influenza B （47.98%）. The incidences of high fever （>39 ℃） and febrile seizure in influenza A cases were higher than that of influenza B cases （P<0.05 or P<0.01）, and the incidences of runny nose congestion and throat swelling/pain were lower than that of influenza B cases （All P<0.05）. A total of 297 out of 1 488 influenza cases had received influenza vaccination in the past 6 months, and the vaccination rate was 19.96%. The main guardian of the child had a college degree or above （OR=2.273）, the higher the monthly family income （OR=2.057）, and the awareness of influenza vaccine （OR=3.537） were more likely to have vaccination for children within 6 months, and children with a history of influenza vaccination 6 months ago （OR=1.475） were more likely to receive influenza vaccination within 6 months. Conclusion The etiology of influenza cases in children ≤ 5 years old in Fuyang City is influenza A and influenza B, which are roughly the same. The influenza vaccination rate is relatively low, the main influential factors are the education level of the main guardian, the monthly family income, influenza vaccination awareness, and influenza vaccination history of children 6 months ago.

Objective To explore the relationship between dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus in adults in Changshu City, so as to provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus and formulation of prevention strategies. Methods Multi-stratified clustering random sampling method was used to randomly sample residents aged ≥18 years from 6 townships/streets in Changshu City for one-to-one face-to-face questionnaire survey and physical examination, to analyze the relationship between dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Results A total of 11 809 residents were surveyed, including 4 776 males and 7 033 females, with an average age of （59.46±11.93） years old. There were 6 366 people with dyslipidemia, and the rate of dyslipidemia was 53.91%, including 28.91% of total cholesterol （TC）, 37.14% of total triglyceride （TG）, and 7.53% of high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）. There were 1 416 diabetic patients in adult residents, and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 11.99%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of diabetes mellitus in people with dyslipidemia, abnormal TG and abnormal HDL-C was 1.351, 1.320 and 1.629 times higher than the normal people, each 1 standard deviation increase in TG was associated with a 21.9% increase in diabetes mellitus risk, and each 1 standard deviation increase in HDL-C was associated with a 22.0% decrease in diabetes mellitus risk. Conclusion Dyslipidemia in adults in Changshu City is closely related to diabetes mellitus. Routine detection of blood lipids should be strengthened to prevent and control the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the compliance of blood glucose control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）, and the effect of drug compliance on it. Methods From January to December in 2019, patients with T2DM aged over 60 years old who visited a hospital in Chaoyang District of Beijing were included as the research object, their compliance of blood glucose control were investigated, and the influence factors of blood glucose control and the drug compliance were analyzed. Results Among the 1 304 elderly patients with T2DM, 621 were males and 683 were females, aged 60-85 years old, with an average age of （69.6±6.9） years. The average course of T2DM was （8.9±1.7） years. The average HbA1c of T2DM patients was （7.66±1.95） %. The blood glucose control of 363 elderly patients with T2DM met the standard, the compliance rate was 27.84%; 291 cases （22.32%） had good drug compliance. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI≥24.0 （OR=0.751）, the older the onset age （OR=0.715）, complicated with hypertension （OR=0.150）, complicated with dyslipidemia （OR=0.197）, the course of T2DM > 10 years （OR=0.518） were less likely to meet the standard of blood glucose control in elderly patients with T2DM. Elderly T2DM patients with diet control （OR=3.758） and good drug compliance （OR=3.323） were more likely to meet the standard of blood glucose control. Conclusion The blood glucose control and drug compliance of elderly patients with T2DM are not ideal. Diet control and improving drug compliance are important strategies to effectively control the blood glucose level of patients and delay the occurrence of complications.

Objective To explore the correlation between self-rated health status and common lifestyle exposure of Tibetans in Lhasa, so as to provide basis for health promotion of Tibetan population. Methods Lhasa Tibetans in National Key R & D Program “Southwest Regional Natural Population Cohort” were selected as the research objects. Face to face electronic questionnaire was used to collect self-rated health status. The environment-wide association study （EWAS） method was used to comprehensively explore the correlation between lifestyle behaviors and self-rated health status. Results Among 6 212 Tibetans, 9.1% of them rated their self-rated health as excellent, 55.9% as good, 28.0% as fair, and 6.9% as poor or very poor. Ordinal Logistic regression analysis in the EWAS framework showed that occasional alcohol consumption （OR=0.79）, regular alcohol consumption （OR=0.66）, dietary score （OR=0.97）, average weekly leisure time exercise duration of 2-3 h （OR=0.72）, and average weekly leisure time exercise duration >3 h（OR=0.84） were more likely to have good self-rated health status. In contrast, people with heavy environmental smoke exposure （OR=1.52） had worse self-rated health status. Conclusion The overall self-rated health status of the Tibetans is optimistic, and a variety of life behavior factors are associated with self-rated health status, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent health education and health promotion.

Objective To explore the application of propensity score matching （PSM） in the correlation between physical activity and hypertension, and to analyze the correlation between physical activity and hypertension in Chinese plateau population, so as to provide scientific basis for primordial prevention of hypertension. Methods The data of Tibetan （an altitude of 3 500 m） in Tibet and Han （an altitude of 2 000 m） in Lijiang were selected from the National Key R & D Program “Southwest Regional Natural Population Cohort”. The nearest neighbor matching method of PSM was used for 1∶1 matching and balance test was conducted afterwards to analyze the correlation between physical activity and hypertension. In order to perform the robustness analysis, set different caliper values and used the inverse probability weighting method, and the multivariate Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the difference of hypertension detection rate under different physical activity in people before matching. Results After PSM, a total of 8 724 participants were included, and the success rate of matching was 60.3%. The only factor with SMD > 0.1 was smoking status, and the results after adjusting showed that adequate physical activity was a protective factor of hypertension （OR=0.87, 95% CI： 0.79-0.96）. Adjusting the caliper value to 0.1, family income and alcohol drinking status didn’t reach balance, and the results after adjusting showed that adequate physical activity was a protective factor of hypertension （OR=0.89, 95% CI： 0.80-0.98）. Adjusting the caliper value to 0.2, education level, body mass index （BMI）, passive smoking and family history of hypertension didn’t reach balance, and the results after adjusting showed that adequate physical activity was a protective factor of hypertension （OR=0.83, 95% CI： 0.75-0.92）. After using the inverse probability weighting method, all the covariates were in equilibrium （SMD < 0.1）, the results supported that adequate physical activity was a protective factor of hypertension （OR=0.88, 95% CI： 0.83-0.93）. After adjusting for other factors, performed Logistic regression analysis on the study population before matching, the results showed that adequate physical activity was a protective factor of hypertension （OR=0.88, 95% CI： 0.81-0.96）. Conclusion Adequate physical activity is a protective factor of hypertension for Chinese plateau population. It is suggested that people in plateau area should keep adequate physical activity.

Objective To understand the current situation of birth defects in Qingdao from 2017 to 2019, and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Collect perinatal information from the 28th week of gestation to 7 days after birth in the birth defects monitoring system in Qingdao from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, and use descriptive analysis Methods to analyze the occurrence of birth defects and their influencing factors. Results The birth data of 14 monitoring hospitals in Qingdao from 2017 to 2019 were collected. During the three years, there were 20 300, 14 916 and 14 592 perinatal infants, a total of 49 808. Among them, 1 236 cases of birth defects were reported, and the incidence rate of birth defects was 24.82‰. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of birth defects in different years. The top 3 birth defects were congenital heart disease, polydactyly, and cleft lip and palate, accounting for 19.7%, 18.1% and 16.9%, respectively. The top 3 birth defects accounted for 54.7% of all birth defects, and the order varies from year to year. The risk of birth defects in the parturient aged <20 years （OR = 1.193） or ≥35 years （OR = 1.236） was higher, and the risk of birth defects was lower in the primipara （OR = 0.871）. Conclusion The birth defects rate of newborns in Qingdao is lower than the national average, and the trend of changes has been steady in recent years. The top 3 types of birth defects are congenital heart disease, polydactyly, and cleft lip and palate. The main factors affecting the birth defects of perinatal infants in this area are genetic factors and parturient age. It is recommended to strengthen pre-pregnancy and pre-natal health care for parturient in the region, do a good job in eugenics, and improve the quality of the population.

Objective To investigate the correlation between e-health literacy and drug compliance in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on young and middle-aged hypertensive patients who were treated in the outpatient clinic of a hospital in Henan Province from January to December 2019 to investigate the e-health literacy and drug compliance, and the correlation between them was analyzed. Results In 384 young and middle-aged patients with hypertension, the average score of drug compliance was （3.67 ± 1.51）, the total average score of e-health literacy was （16.90 ± 4.86）, and there was a positive correlation between e-health literacy and drug compliance of young and middle-aged patients with hypertension （r=0.529, P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the better the e-health literacy （β'=0.139）, the older （β'=0.104）, the higher the education level （β'=0.126）, and the longer the medication period （β'=0.103）, the better the drug compliance of the young and middle-aged hypertensive patients. The drug compliance of the young and middle-aged hypertensive patients with adverse drug reactions （β'=-0.109） was worse. Conclusion The e-health literacy and drug compliance of young and middle-aged patients with hypertension need to be improved. Clinical medical staff should pay attention to it. Improving the level of e-health literacy is helpful to improve the drug compliance of patients.

Objective To investigate the mental health status of medical staff in COVID-19 designated hospital in a district of Beijing in 2020, so as to provide scientific basis for promoting the physical and mental health of medical staff during the fight against the epidemic. Methods Medical staffs in the front line of the designated hospital were selected as the study objects by cluster sampling method. On the 14th and 21st days after treatment, Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90） was used to investigate the mental health status of the medical staffs. Results A total of 66 medical staffs were included, including 24 males and 42 females, 22 doctors and 44 nurses, with an average age of （34.8±8.8） years. The positive detection rate of total score of SCL-90 for medical staff in the first investigation was 6.1% （4/66）, and in the second investigation was 7.6% （5/66）. In the second investigation, the positive detection rate of>30 years old group was lower than that in the ≤30 years old group （P<0.05）. The total mean scores of SCL-90 in both investigations were better than the Chinese norm （P<0.01）, and the score of the second investigation was lower than that of the first investigation, but the difference was not statistically significant （P>0.05）. And there was no statistically significant difference in the total mean scores of SCL-90 of medical staff with different genders, ages and occupations （P>0.05）. The factor scores of medical staff were lower than the Chinese norm. There was no statistical significance in the 10 factors of medical staff with different age and occupations （all P>0.05）, but there was statistical significance in the terror factors of medical staff with different genders （P<0.05）. The psychological quality of female was better. Conclusion In the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, front-line medical staff can maintain a good mental health state, which is better than the normal adult norm in China. With the extension of working time on the front line, the mental health status of medical staffs aged over 30 years are better than that of younger comrades.