Objective To investigate the willingness of medical college students to rescue strangers from accidental injuries, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods The multi-stage stratified method was used to randomly select the college students in two medical colleges for questionnaire survey, and the influencing factors of willingness to rescue were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis method. Results Among the 1 455 medical college students, 457 were male and 998 were female, with an average age of （21.3 ± 2.0） years, and 38.1% of the students were willing to rescue. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the general willingness to rescue, medical students who participated in training in recent three years （OR=1.497）, whose fathers were farmers （OR=1.712） and whose mothers were businessmen （OR=1.738） were more likely to rescue strangers; Compared with the general willingness to rescue, medical students whose fathers were businessmen （OR=2.484） were more likely to be unwilling to rescue strangers, while whose mothers were farmers （OR=0.448） and studying in general medical university （OR=0.501） were less likely to be unwilling to rescue strangers. Medical students were more willing to rescue the same sex than businessmen and the elderly. Conclusion Medical college students have a higher willingness to rescue strangers from accidental injuries. Whether or not to participate in first aid training affects their willingness to rescue. The first aid skills training of medical students should be strengthened to improve their willingness to rescue.

Objective To investigate the feeding index of infants aged 6-23 months in Cangzhou City and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Infants aged 6-24 months in Cangzhou City were taken as the research object. Using the method of multi-stage random sampling method, three districts/counties were randomly selected as survey points in Cangzhou City from February to July 2021, and four community health service centers were selected from each district/county. The main guardians of infants who completed the immunization program in the community health service center during the study time conducted a questionnaire survey on the infant and child feeding index （ICFI）. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the feeding situation of infants aged 6 - 24 months in Cangzhou City, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting ICFI score. Results Among the 1 450 infants, 835 were boys, accounting for 57.59%, 615 were girls, accounting for 42.41%; 827 were vaginal delivery, accounting for 57.03%, 623 were cesarean section, accounting for 42.97%; and 1 009 were full-term, accounting for 69.59%, 441 were premature birth, accounting for 30.41%. The average ICFI score of infants was （8.31 ± 2.05）, which was hyper-mean level. The results of multiple linear analysis showed that the ICFI scores of infants who lived in cities （β’=0.233） and those of 12-24 months old （β’=0.316） and mothers with master’s degree or above （β’=0.166） had higher ICFI scores. Conclusion The feeding index of infants aged 6-24 months in Cangzhou City is in the hyper-mean level. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of infant feeding, improve the scientific feeding knowledge of caregivers, and provide guarantee for the healthy growth and development of infants.

Objective To investigate the current status of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease among residents aged 40-79 years in Anyang City, and investigate the related risk factors. Methods From January 2019 to January 2021, a community with a permanent population of ≥ 1 000 people was randomly selected in each of the four districts of Anyang City by cluster sampling method. Residents aged 40-79 years in the community were selected as the survey subjects to conduct a questionnaire survey and blood biochemical index detection related to the screening of high-risk factors of cardiovascular disease. According to the Chinese Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention （2017） and The Chinese Expert Consensus on Blood Lipid Management of Patients with Ultra-High Risk Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, residents were evaluated for a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The risk of cardiovascular disease was analyzed by descriptive analysis, and the detection of high-risk factors was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 3 150 permanent residents aged 40-79 years in Anyang City were included in this study. There were 1 597 males, accounting for 50.70%, and 1 553 females, accounting for 49.30%, with an average age of （64.02±6.31） years. A total of 670 high-risk cases of cardiovascular disease were detected, with a detection rate of 21.27%, including 268 high-risk cases of medical history and 402 high-risk cases of risk assessment. The results of multivariate analysis showed that males （OR=2.221）, aged 60-69 years （OR=3.221）, aged 70-79 years （OR=4.521）, body mass index （BMI） was 24.0-27.9 kg/m² （OR=2.698）, BMI ≥28.0 kg/m² （OR=2.845）, hypertension （OR=4.654）,abnormal LDL-C （OR=2.331） were the high-risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among residents aged 40-79 years in Anyang City. Conclusion The high-risk detection rate of cardiovascular disease in residents aged 40-79 years in Anyang City is relatively high, especially affected by factors such as gender, age, hypertension, etc. It is necessary to carry out extensive health education on cardiovascular disease prevention and control for the above-mentioned key high-risk groups, and actively advocate civilized healthy lifestyles to curb the rise in morbidity, recurrence, and mortality from cardiovascular disease.

Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of sudden deafness. Methods Adult patients with sudden deafness who visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were taken as the research subjects. The basic situation, personal history, basic diseases, and laboratory indicators were collected, take health examination population of the hospital as the control in the ratio of 1∶1, and the clinical characteristics and risk factors of sudden deafness were analyzed. Results Finally, 710 cases of sudden deafness were included, including 598 cases （84.25%） with tinnitus, 320 cases （45.00%） with vertigo, 268 cases （37.75%） with ear tightness, 124 cases （17.50%） with numbness around ears, 245 cases （34.50%） with nausea, and 164 cases （23.13%） with vomiting. A total of 756 ears with sudden deafness. Unilateral hearing loss accounted for 93.12% and severe hearing loss accounted for 40.34%. The most common type of hearing curve was flat decline, accounting for 35.19%. Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that adults with diabetes （OR=3.221）, cerebrovascular disease （OR=2.698）, sleep disturbance （OR=3.002）, history of the common cold （OR=4.521）, abnormal total cholesterol （TC） （OR=2.554）, and abnormal homocysteine （Hcy） （OR=4.654） were more likely to develop sudden deafness. Conclusion Sudden deafness can be accompanied by tinnitus, vertigo, and other symptoms, and is affected by diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, blood lipids and Hcy metabolic abnormalities, common cold, and other factors. Risk factors should be controlled as far as possible according to the patient’s condition, to reduce the risk of sudden deafness.

Objective To investigate the occupational exposure of medical staff in Zhengzhou, and provide a reference for formulating effective intervention measures. Methods In October 2021, the convenience sampling method was used to select the medical staff of 4 secondary hospitals and 4 tertiary hospitals in different jurisdictions of Zhengzhou as the survey subjects for occupational exposure investigation. The descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the occupational exposure of medical staff, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze influencing factors of occupational exposure in medical staff. Results Finally, 931 medical staff were included in the effective survey, including 435 males and 496 females; aged 22-56 years, with an average age of （38.9±9.6） years; there were 354 nurses, 372 doctors, 130 laboratory technicians, and 75 anesthesiologists. Occupational exposure occurred in 91 cases, with an incidence rate of 9.77%.A total of 118 occupational exposure incidents occurred, including 57 cases of sharp injury, 39 cases of skin and mucous membrane exposure, and 22 cases of respiratory/blood/body fluid exposure. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that educational background （OR=0.779）, professional title （OR=0.751）, hospital level （OR=0.364）, work nature （OR=0.670 for laboratory technicians, OR=0.585 for anesthesiologists）, length of service （OR=0.689）, establishment nature （OR=3.904）, work fatigue （OR=2.368）, coping style （OR=2.691）, whether to participate in relevant training in the past year （OR=0.481） were the influencing factors of occupational exposure of medical staff. Conclusion The occurrence of occupational exposure is affected by many factors, such as educational background, professional title, hospital level, work nature, length of service, establishment nature, and whether they participate in relevant training in the past year. Effective intervention measures should be taken to strengthen the self-protection awareness of medical staff and improve their protection ability, to reduce the occupational exposure risk.

Objective To explore the epidemiological of cardiovascular disease among the elderly in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, and analyze the corresponding influencing factors. Methods From June to October 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, and 10 communities or villages （5 urban sub-district and 5 villages and towns） resident elderly were randomly selected for questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood index detection. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the survey results, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of cardiovascular disease. Results A total of 1 148 elderly people completed the survey, with 557 males, accounting for 48.52%, and 591 females, accounting for 51.48%. A total of 302 cases of self-reported diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, the prevalence rate of cardiovascular disease was 26.31%, including 214 cases of hypertension, 73 cases of coronary heart disease, 15 cases of stroke, the prevalence rates were 18.64%, 6.39%, 1.31%, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that age≥70 years （OR=1.705, 1.936）, male （OR=3.404）, body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m² （OR=1.359, 1.562）, occasional or frequent smoking （OR=1.592, 1.800）, education level of junior high school and above （OR=0.639, 0.602）, insufficient exercise （OR=2.469）, hyperlipidemia （OR=2.420）, and hyperglycemia （OR=2.877） were the risk factors for cardiovascular disease among people aged ≥60 years in this area. Conclusion The community elderly in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City has a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. For the influencing factors of cardiovascular disease, active intervention should be given as soon as possible to improve the health status of the elderly and alleviate the burden of the disease.

Objective To explore the incidence and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in pension institutions in Xinyang area. Methods From April to October 2020, the stratified cluster sampling method was used to divide the monthly occupancy costs into three tiers： high, medium, and low, and 2 pension institutions were sampled for each tier, and the elderly in the selected pension institutions were selected for a survey on the occurrence of falls. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the falls occurrence of the elderly in the pension institutions in the past year, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of falls. Results A total of 431 elderly people were surveyed, including 227 males, accounting for 52.67%, and 204 females, accounting for 47.33%; aged 60-92 years, with an average age of （74.89±8.32） years. Among 431 elderly people, 107 cases had fall behavior in the past year, and the incidence rate was 24.83%. The elderly in pension institutions who were female （OR=10.644）, aged over 70 years （OR=1.407, 1.555）, not using a walker （OR=1.967）, with cataracts （OR=3.861）, insufficient ability to recognize oneself （OR=2.413）, insufficient regular physical activity （OR=2.787）, hypertension （OR=5.114）, chronic fall-related disease （OR=2.740）, the impaired ability of daily living （OR=3.514）, poor indoor lighting （OR=10.329） , lack of awareness of fall prevention （OR=2.971）, liked to wear slippers to go out （OR=7.418）, and liked to drink alcohol （OR=3.585） had a higher risk of fall. Conclusion The elderly in pension institutions in Xinyang area has a high proportion of falls. Timely and effective intervention should be carried out to some risk factors leading to falls of the elderly, to ensure the safety of the elderly in pension institutions and curb the occurrence of falls.

Objective To investigate the medication compliance and its influencing factors of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in Beijing. Methods Baseline data were collected from Helicobacter pylori-positive patients who visited a hospital in Beijing and received drug treatment from January to June 2021. After completing the course of treatment, the Morisky medication compliance questionnaire was used for telephone follow-up. The medication compliance of Helicobacter pylori -positive patients was analyzed by descriptive analysis method, and the influencing factors of medication compliance were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results In this study, 1 034 cases of Helicobacter pylori infection were analyzed. There were 754 males （72.92%） and 280 females （27.08%）; aged 18-76 years, with the highest proportion of 45-59 years old, accounting for 44.29%. The average score of the Morisky medication compliance questionnaire was （6.97±0.98） points, of which 752 cases had good medication compliance, accounting for 72.73%, and 282 cases had insufficient medication compliance, accounting for 27.27%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with Helicobacter pylori infection aged ≥45 years old （OR=1.705, 1.936）, with an education level of junior high school and above （OR=1.430, 1.517）, living in a city （OR=2.469）, well mastered the disease knowledge of Helicobacter pylori （OR=2.420）, non-self-paid medical insurance payment （OR=4.297, 3.811, 4.957）, and the number of co-residents ≥2 （OR=2.547, 2.427） were more likely to have good medication compliance. Conclusion The medication compliance of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in Beijing is poor. For those with insufficient medication compliance, we need to actively intervene in various influencing factors to reduce health and economic losses.

Objective To explore the iron nutritional status and its influencing factors of pregnant women in Zhengzhou area. Methods From April to August 2021, pregnant women who established health records and underwent pregnancy physical examinations in three hospitals in Zhengzhou were selected as the research subjects to carry out questionnaires and iron nutritional status detection. The descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the iron nutritional status of pregnant women, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of iron deficiency in pregnant women. Results A total of 3 258 pregnant women participated in this study, including 989 cases in the early trimester, accounting for 30.36%, 1 125 cases in the mid trimester, accounting for 34.53%, and 1 144 cases in the late trimester, accounting for 35.11%. Among 3 258 pregnant women, a total of 773 cases were iron deficiency, and the detection rate was 23.73%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that age ≥35 years old （OR=2.726）, mid or late pregnancy （OR=3.037, 3.438）, age at menarche <13 years old （OR=2.432）, multiparous women （OR=3.493）, the number of miscarriages ≥3 times （OR=2.648）, the menstrual flow before pregnancy ≥100 mL/time （OR=2.420）, the education level of junior high school and above （OR=0.517, 0.459）, living in the countryside （OR=3.684）, the monthly family income>3 000 yuan and above （OR=0.601, 0.542）, decoration time of living house<1 year （OR=6.449）, suffering from digestive system diseases （OR=4.716）, and intake of nutritional supplements （OR=0.355） were influencing factors of iron deficiency in pregnant women. Conclusion The detection rate of iron deficiency in pregnant women in Zhengzhou is relatively high. Targeted intervention is needed as soon as possible. Some factors are identified as the influencing factors of iron deficiency in pregnant women in this area, and some of them can be selectively intervened.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of femoral head necrosis in Taiqian county, and possible influencing factors. Methods The census was adopted to screen the households for femoral head necrosis in the resident population within the jurisdiction of Taiqian county, Henan province, and the suspected cases with typical symptoms found in the physical examination were diagnosed by imaging examination. Patients who were previously diagnosed with femoral head necrosis were selected as the case group. According to the ratio of 1∶1, healthy people from the same village, the same sex and the same age group （age difference ≤ 3 years） excluded from orthopedics-related diseases were selected as the control group. The self-designed questionnaire was used to face-to-face investigate. Results A total of 1 126 patients with femoral head necrosis were found, and the crude prevalence rate was 3.01‰. Among which, 714 were males, with a crude prevalence rate of 1.91‰, and 412 were females, with a crude prevalence rate of 1.10‰. The crude prevalence rate of age group of ≤14 years was 0.024‰, the crude prevalence rate of age group of 15-59 years was 1.76‰, and the crude prevalence rate of ≥60 years was 1.22‰. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family income>10,000 yuan （OR=0.504） was a protective factor for femoral head necrosis, while previous alcohol consumption （OR=2.597）, use of hormone drugs （OR=18.926） and family history of hip joint disease （OR=6.443） were risk foctors for femoral head necrosis. Conclusion The prevalence of femoral head necrosis in Taiqian county is relatively high, with more men than women, and it tends to occur in young adults. Femoral head necrosis is related to family income, previous alcohol consumption, use of hormone drugs, and family history of hip joint disease.