Objective To investigate the detection of thyroid diseases in permanent adult residents of Handan City, and analyze the influencing factors of thyroid diseases in the population, so as to provide scientific basis for local disease prevention and control. Methods The convenient sampling method was used to select two districts and two counties in Handan City from January to December 2022, and two streets （villages） were randomly selected from the selected districts and counties, respectively. Local adult residents were recruited from the selected streets （villages） for questionnaire survey, physical examination, blood thyroid hormone level detection, and thyroid ultrasound examination. The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of thyroid diseases among residents, and the univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of thyroid diseases. Results A total of 2 700 permanent residents of Handan City were investigated, of them 1 035 healthy subjects were screened for thyroid diseases, with a prevalence rate of 38.52%, including hyperthyroidism （1.34%）, hypothyroidism （1.53%）, local goiter （2.05%）, and thyroid nodular lesions （33.61%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender （OR=1.562）, age （OR=1.035）, overweight （OR=2.700）, obesity （OR=3.541）, sleep time（OR=2.296）, smoking （OR=1.454）, consumption of iodized salt （OR=1.891）, consumption of both non-iodized salt and iodized salt （OR=1.735）, regular consumption of high iodine food （OR=2.303）, abnormal blood pressure （OR=1.933）, dyslipidemia （OR=1.850）, iodine deficiency （OR=1.853）, iodine excess （OR=1.718）, and family history of thyroid disease （OR=2.499） were the influential factors in the detection of thyroid disease in Handan. Conclusions The screening rate of thyroid diseases among permanent residents in Handan City is high, and thyroid nodular lesions are the main ones. Due to the lack of conscious symptoms and many influencing factors of thyroid diseases, community residents should pay attention to thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function screening to effectively prevent the occurrence and development of thyroid diseases.

Objective To understand the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children aged 5-12 years in Cangzhou region, and to explore its influencing factors. Methods From September 2020 to September 2023, children aged 5-12 years and their guardians in Cangzhou region were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children was investigated by questionnaire, and the influencing factors of nocturnal enuresis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 3 054 valid questionnaires were collected, among which 181 children were diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis, and the prevalence rate was 5.93%. The consultation rate of 181 children with nocturnal enuresis was 17.68% （32/181）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender （OR=2.399）, age （OR=2.487,2.252）, family income （OR=1.398, 1.523）, number of children in the family （OR=1.303, 1.972）, family history of nocturnal enuresis （OR=1.456）, history of urinary tract infection （OR=3.546）, constipation （OR=2.268）, bladder dysfunction （OR=1.777）, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （OR=3.762）, sleep-related breathing disorder （OR=1.605）, and drinking water before bedtime （OR=2.881） were the influencing factors of nocturnal enuresis in children aged 5-12 years. Conclusions The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children aged 5-12 years is high, and the consultation rate of children with nocturnal enuresis is low in this region. The disease is related to many factors such as age, gender, family income, and comorbidities. Publicity activities should be organized to carry out relevant public education, raise parents' attention to nocturnal enuresis, and advocate timely diagnosis and early treatment.

Objective To investigate the status of health-related behavior improvement in hypertensive patients and analyze its influencing factors on blood pressure control. Methods Selecting hypertensive patients who were treated in four hospitals in Anhui Province from January 2021 to March 2023 for this study, the improvement of health-related behaviors was evaluated through health behavior improvement scores. Basic information such as gender, age, marital status, education level, dietary status, smoking history, drinking history, physical exercise, taking medicine as directed, psychological status, etc. were collected, and their blood pressure control status was investigated. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the improvement of health-related behaviors and the achievement of blood pressure control in this population. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the influence of health-related behaviors on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Results A total of 1 986 valid samples were included in this study, including 1 265 males and 721 females, aged 19-81 years, with a disease course of 1-17 years. The score of health-related behavior improvement in hypertensive patients was （2.37±0.52） points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking （OR=0.142）, no restriction on drinking （OR=0.126）, regular exercise （OR=9.052）, reasonable diet （OR=1.328）, taking medicine as directed （OR=1.283）, and maintaining a healthy weight （OR=1.317） were the influencing factors of blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Conclusions After implementing health management, hypertensive patients demonstrated significant improvements in their health-related behaviors. Smoking, drinking, regular exercise, reasonable diet, taking medicine as directed, and maintaining a healthy weight are the influencing factors of blood pressure control.

Objective To construct a fecal microscopy image dataset of intestinal parasite eggs and establish a corresponding deep learning image recognition model, so as to provide technical support for the auxiliary diagnosis of intestinal parasitic diseases. Methods Microscopic images of 12 intestinal parasite eggs were collected using a microscope and a digital camera, pre-processed and labelled with the categories and locations of the eggs to form an image dataset. A masked region convolutional neural network deep learning model was used as a framework to train the bounding box regression, classification, and mask generation, and its performance was evaluated. Results The fecal microscopy image dataset was constructed with a total of 6 299 images, including 10 944 egg images. After testing, the deep learning model achieved an overall recognition accuracy of 90.20%. The recognition accuracy for the 12 types of eggs ranged from 58.65% （Spirometra mansoni egg） to 100.00% （Pinworm egg）. Conclusion Constructing a microscopy image dataset of intestinal parasite eggs and establishing an image recognition model using convolutional neural networks provide technical support for the auxiliary diagnosis of parasitic diseases.

Objective To investigate and analyze the status of perimenopausal syndrome among women in Shijiazhuang, and provide reference for the health management of perimenopausal syndrome in this area. Methods From January 2020 to January 2021, perimenopausal women in Shijiazhuang were selected by convenient sampling method to investigate the occurrence of perimenopausal syndrome. The perimenopausal syndrome was evaluated by the questionnaire of perimenopausal symptoms among women, and their age, body mass index, education level, family function, psychological resilience, sleep quality, regular physical exercise, disease cognition, and menstruation were investigated. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the status of perimenopausal syndrome among women in Shijiazhuang. Results Among the 1 873 effective subjects, 391 cases （20.88%） had symptoms of perimenopausal syndrome, among which 187 cases were mild, 139 cases were moderate, and 65 cases were severe, accounting for 47.83%, 35.55%, and 16.62%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family function （OR=0.568）, psychological resilience （OR=0.219）, sleep quality （OR=0.183）, regular physical exercise （OR=0.730）, disease cognition （OR=0.960）, and menstrual status （irregular OR=2.711, postmenopausal OR=3.043） were the influencing factors of perimenopausal syndrome among perimenopausal women in Shijiazhuang. Conclusion The occurrence of perimenopausal syndrome among women in Shijiazhuang needs to be improved, and targeted and effective intervention measures can be taken according to individual characteristics based on relevant factors to improve the health level of women in perimenopause.

Objective To analyze the case characteristics and complications of hip fracture in Tangshan City, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of hip fracture. Methods The descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the characteristics and complications of adult cases of hip fracture treated in three hospitals in Tangshan City from January 2018 to January 2023, and the influencing factors of complications were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 7 953 patients with hip fracture were included, including 1 527 cases in 2018, 1 562 cases in 2019, 1 594 cases in 2020, 1 629 cases in 2021, and 1 641 cases in 2022, showed an increasing trend year by year. The proportion of female patients with hip fracture was 52.96%, which was higher than that of male patients （47.04%）. The number of fracture patients increased with age, and the number of patients aged 80-92 years was the highest, accounting for 25.56%. Spring and winter were the most common seasons for hip fracture, accounting for 26.32% and 32.48% respectively. The main fracture type was femoral neck fracture, accounting for 39.66%. Among the causes of fracture, the proportion of falling patients was the highest, accounting for 47.88%. The proportion of patients with open fractures was 52.80%, which was significantly higher than that of patients with closed fractures （47.20%）. Surgical treatment was the main treatment, accounting for 93.66%. In addition, 64.14% of the patients were complicated with osteoporosis. A total of 513 patients had complications during hospitalization, with an incidence rate of 6.45%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=6.166）, open fracture （OR=3.611）, the time from fracture to hospital >48 hours （OR=3.728）, sonservative treatment （OR=6.443）, and types of comorbidities （1-2 OR=2.983, ≥3 OR=5.540） were the influencing factors for the occurrence of complications in patients with hip fractures. Conclusions The majority of hip fracture patients in Tangshan are elderly patients, and femoral neck fracture and intertrochanteric fracture are common types. Age, open fracture, time from fracture to hospital, conservative treatment, and number of comorbidities are the main factors affecting the incidence of complications.

Objective To explore and analyze the compliance of secondary prevention in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke in Shangqiu City and its influencing factors. Methods Young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke admitted to the department of neurology in three tertiary hospitals in Shangqiu City between April 2022 and April 2023 were selected as the study population using a random sampling method. Descriptive analysis was employed to assess compliance with secondary prevention, while univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors. Results A total of 1 493 patients were enrolled in this study, with 104 lost to follow-up and eventually including 1 389 participants. The mean age was （50.83±6.27） years, ranging from 18 to 59 years. Among them, there were 794 males and 595 females. The compliance rate for secondary prevention was found to be 48.52% （674/1 389）. The compliance of medication, blood pressure, and blood glucose were 66.16%, 62.63%, and 61.41%, respectively, while those of physical exercise, smoking, and healthy diet were 46.44%, 46.00%, and 40.03%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age （OR=1.957）, educational level （OR=1.526）, marital status （OR=1.279）, occupation （OR=1.327）, social support （OR=2.364）, and stress perception （OR=2.521） significantly influenced the compliance of secondary prevention in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke. Conclusions The compliance rate of secondary prevention is not high in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke in Shangqiu City. Appropriate measures can be taken to improve the compliance of secondary prevention in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke according to factors such as age, educational level, marital status, occupation, social support, and stress perception.

Objective To investigate and analyze the medication compliance of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with other chronic diseases, and explore the possible influencing factors of medication compliance. Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Community Health Service Center of Qiaolin Street, Pukou District, Nanjing City, and Nanjing Jiangdong Community Health Service Center from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected by convenient sampling method to investigate their medication compliance and complications of other chronic diseases. The influencing factors of medication compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with other chronic diseases were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 1 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated in this study, among which 453 patients （39.91%） had poor medication compliance. Among the 1 135 patients, 874 were combined with other chronic diseases, and the proportion of poor medication compliance was 44.97% （393/874）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level of junior high school or below （OR=5.749）, combined with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or chronic respiratory diseases （OR=2.482, 3.313）, types of medication ≥3 （OR=3.377）, knowledge of medication （OR=0.391, 0.328）, and without phone or face-to-face follow-up within the past 6 months （OR=7.128） were influencing factors for poor medication compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with other chronic diseases. Conclusions The overall medication compliance of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with other chronic diseases is poor and needs to be improved. The improvement of intervention measures such as disease knowledge popularization, medication knowledge education, and simplified drug therapy should be carried out according to the relevant factors affecting the medication compliance of this population.

Objective To explore the status of safe medication behavior among residents in Shenzhen and its influencing factors, and provide references for formulating targeted community intervention measures for safe medication of residents. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method and convenience sampling method were combined to conduct online and offline questionnaire survey on safe medication behavior among permanent residents in 10 administrative districts of Shenzhen. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze residents' safe medication behavior, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of residents' safe medication behavior. Results A total of 12 459 valid questionnaires were collected, and 4 019 （32.26%） of them had safe medication behavior. However, 71.86% of them missed medication/did not take medication on time for various factors during the medication, and 49.65% of them increased, reduced, or stopped medication according to their own feelings after medication. The incidence rate of not paying attention to the time interval of drug administration was 46.05%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that residents who were female （OR=1.15）, had completed junior high school （OR=1.66）, senior high school/vocational school/technical secondary school education （OR=1.61）, worked in companies （OR=1.33）, were medical staff （OR=2.83）, teachers （OR=1.75）, or students （OR=1.63）, with a per capita monthly household income of ≥8 001 yuan （OR=1.21）, living in Shenzhen for ≥5 years （OR=1.40）, and with good cognitive literacy of medication safety （OR=1.80） had a high probability of good safe medication behavior; unmarried residents （OR=0.70） were less likely to have good safe medication behavior. Conclusion There are some unsafe medication behaviors among Shenzhen residents, and gender, education background, marital status, occupation, per capita monthly household income, length of residence in Shenzhen, and good cognitive literacy of rational medication are the influencing factors.